Electron Transport Chain Flashcards
Metabolism
Total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
Catabolism
Energy releasing process where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Release energy so we can get ATP
Anabolism
emery-requiring process where small molecules joined to form larger molecules
Solution to problem that we need to get energy in correct form for muscle to use
chemical energy stored in carbs, fats and protein is converted to ATP - an energy source that muscle can use to perform movement
Foodstuff requires ____ to be broken down
Oxygen
Breakdown of carbohydrate
Gycolysis
Breakdown of Fat
Beta Oxidation
Breakdown of Protein
Deamination
Breakdown of Carbs, Fat, and Proteins will create
Carriers
Catabolism
Once carriers are produced, where do they go?
Electron Transport Chain –> then it produces ATP from them
Anabolism
Bioenergetics
Converting foodstuffs into energy
Carbohydrate Prototype
Glucose
Glycolysis
Breakdown of carbohydrate
Gluconeogenesis
creation of new glucose
Stored form of carbohydrate
Glycogen
Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of glycogen
Glycogen Synthesis
creation of new glycogen
Fat Prototype
palmitate
Lipolysis
Breakdown of fatty acids
AKA beta oxidation
Lypogenesis
creation of fatty acids
Proteins Prototype
alanine
Proteolysis
AKA Deamination
Breakdown of proteins
Essential Amino Acids
9 out of the 20 amino acids are not produced by the human body
Carbohydrate RER (Resp. Exchange Ratio)
RER = 1
burning purely carbohydrate
How many ATP do carbohydrates generate
32
Takes more oxygen to consume ___
Fat
Fat burning workout should be
submaximal
Fat RER (Resp Exchange Ratio)
0.7
burning purely fat
Fat breakdown will produce ___ ATP for each fatty acid
106
*3 for triglyceride = 318
Proteins and energy source
Proteins are not a significant source of energy during exercise
RER
Respiratory Exchange Ratio
CO2 Produced/O2 consumed OR
VCO2/VO2
RER can be used to determine
what fuel is burned during exercise
If RER is above 1…
You are producing more CO2
Max intensity exercise –> more lactic acid –> needs to get converted to CO2 to get excreted
Molecules that gain electrons are
Reduced
Molecules that lose electrons are
Oxidized
NAD is the ____
oxidizing agent
it is reduced
NADH is the ___
reducing agent
it is being oxidized
What are the carriers
NADH and FADH are proton (and electron) carrier molecules
Electron Transport Chain
NADH or FADH2 (carriers) shuttle electrons to the ETC
The carriers are oxidized and release electrons to the cytochromes
Electrons are passed from one cytochrome to the next and this passing of electrons generates energy
The energy is used to take protons up their concentration gradient from inner to outer compartment
The conc of protons being high in the outer compartment allows for them to then go down their conc gradient through ATP synthase and this synthesizes ATP
OXYGEN MUST BE PRESENT
ETC is coupled with
oxidative phosphorylation
Rate Limiting
Cytochrome Oxidase
Major Points
Electrons are removed from Hs and passed along cytochromes
Proton gradient provides energy to phosphorylate ADP to synthesize ATP - oxidative phosphorylation
Maintaining gradient costs energy
Cytochomres are
Iron protein electron carriers
What is final electron acceptor
O2
Helps to form H2O
For every NADH carrier you get ___
3 ATP
After account for cost of proton gradient = 2.5
For every FADH carrier you get ____
2
After account = 1.5
