Electron Transport Chain

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Energy releasing process where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Release energy so we can get ATP

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

emery-requiring process where small molecules joined to form larger molecules

Question 4

Solution to problem that we need to get energy in correct form for muscle to use

Answer 4

chemical energy stored in carbs, fats and protein is converted to ATP - an energy source that muscle can use to perform movement

Question 5

Foodstuff requires ____ to be broken down

Answer 5

Oxygen

Question 6

Breakdown of carbohydrate

Answer 6

Gycolysis

Question 7

Breakdown of Fat

Answer 7

Beta Oxidation

Question 8

Breakdown of Protein

Answer 8

Deamination

Question 9

Breakdown of Carbs, Fat, and Proteins will create

Answer 9

Carriers

Catabolism

Question 10

Once carriers are produced, where do they go?

Answer 10

Electron Transport Chain –> then it produces ATP from them

Anabolism

Question 11

Bioenergetics

Answer 11

Converting foodstuffs into energy

Question 12

Carbohydrate Prototype

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

Glycolysis

Answer 13

Breakdown of carbohydrate

Question 14

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 14

creation of new glucose

Question 15

Stored form of carbohydrate

Answer 15

Glycogen

Question 16

Glycogenolysis

Answer 16

Breakdown of glycogen

Question 17

Glycogen Synthesis

Answer 17

creation of new glycogen

Question 18

Fat Prototype

Answer 18

palmitate

Question 19

Lipolysis

Answer 19

Breakdown of fatty acids

AKA beta oxidation

Question 20

Lypogenesis

Answer 20

creation of fatty acids

Question 21

Proteins Prototype

Answer 21

alanine

Question 22

Proteolysis

Answer 22

AKA Deamination

Breakdown of proteins

Question 23

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 23

9 out of the 20 amino acids are not produced by the human body

Question 24

Carbohydrate RER (Resp. Exchange Ratio)

Answer 24

RER = 1

burning purely carbohydrate

Question 25

How many ATP do carbohydrates generate

Answer 25

32

Question 26

Takes more oxygen to consume ___

Answer 26

Fat

Question 27

Fat burning workout should be

Answer 27

submaximal

Question 28

Fat RER (Resp Exchange Ratio)

Answer 28

0.7 | burning purely fat

Question 29

Fat breakdown will produce ___ ATP for each fatty acid

Answer 29

106 | *3 for triglyceride = 318

Question 30

Proteins and energy source

Answer 30

Proteins are not a significant source of energy during exercise

Question 31

RER

Answer 31

Respiratory Exchange Ratio CO2 Produced/O2 consumed OR VCO2/VO2

Question 32

RER can be used to determine

Answer 32

what fuel is burned during exercise

Question 33

If RER is above 1...

Answer 33

You are producing more CO2 | Max intensity exercise --> more lactic acid --> needs to get converted to CO2 to get excreted

Question 34

Molecules that gain electrons are

Answer 34

Reduced

Question 35

Molecules that lose electrons are

Answer 35

Oxidized

Question 36

NAD is the ____

Answer 36

oxidizing agent | it is reduced

Question 37

NADH is the ___

Answer 37

reducing agent | it is being oxidized

Question 38

What are the carriers

Answer 38

NADH and FADH are proton (and electron) carrier molecules

Question 39

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 39

NADH or FADH2 (carriers) shuttle electrons to the ETC The carriers are oxidized and release electrons to the cytochromes Electrons are passed from one cytochrome to the next and this passing of electrons generates energy The energy is used to take protons up their concentration gradient from inner to outer compartment The conc of protons being high in the outer compartment allows for them to then go down their conc gradient through ATP synthase and this synthesizes ATP OXYGEN MUST BE PRESENT

Question 40

ETC is coupled with

Answer 40

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 41

Rate Limiting

Answer 41

Cytochrome Oxidase

Question 42

Major Points

Answer 42

Electrons are removed from Hs and passed along cytochromes Proton gradient provides energy to phosphorylate ADP to synthesize ATP - oxidative phosphorylation Maintaining gradient costs energy

Question 43

Cytochomres are

Answer 43

Iron protein electron carriers

Question 44

What is final electron acceptor

Answer 44

O2 | Helps to form H2O

Question 45

For every NADH carrier you get ___

Answer 45

3 ATP | After account for cost of proton gradient = 2.5

Question 46

For every FADH carrier you get ____

Answer 46

2 | After account = 1.5