Calorimetry

Question 1

All metabolic processes result in

Answer 1

Heat production

Question 2

Rate of heat production reflects

Answer 2

Rate of energy expenditure

Question 3

Basic unit of heat measurement

Answer 3

calorie

Question 4

Direct Calorimetry

Answer 4

Measuring heat directly

Question 5

Indirect Calorimetry

Answer 5

Calculates O2 consumption and CO2 produced to determine how much break down you are engaging in

Question 6

To convert amount of O2 consumed into heat equivalents depends on

Answer 6

Type of nutrient

about 5kcal of energy is liberated for each L of oxygen consumed

Question 7

If have VO2 of 2L of oxygen per minute

Answer 7

5 x 2 = 10 kcal/min for energy expenditure

If you worked out for 10 minutes at the level, would burn 100 calories

Question 8

What is indirect calorimetry measuring

Answer 8

Volume of expired oxygen
Fraction of expired gases
And then from here you calculate VO2 and VCO2 and then can calculate RER (VCO2/VO2) and can figure out what you are burning

Question 9

Fraction of expired oxygen

Answer 9

about 16%

Question 10

What is RER for 50/50 of carbs and fat burning

Answer 10

0.85

Question 11

MET

Answer 11

Metabolic Equivalent

Question 12

One MET =

Answer 12

Resting VO2

About 3.5 ml/kg of body mass/min

Question 13

Energy cost of exercise can be described based on

Answer 13

Multiples of resting VO2

Question 14

VO2 for 10 MET exercise

Answer 14

3.5 x 10 = 35 mL/kg/min

Question 15

Light exercise is how many MET

Answer 15

2.5 to 5 METS

4 is usually good for patients

Question 16

Metabolic Rate

Answer 16

Rate at which the body uses energy

Question 17

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 17

More of a lab setting

Question 18

BMR influenced by

Answer 18

Inc in muscle mass 
Inc in body surface area (thermoregulation)
Dec in age
Inc body temp
Inc  stress
Inc diet induced thermogenesis

Question 19

Oxygen uptake ____ until ____

Answer 19

Oxygen uptake increases linearly until VO2 max is reached

Question 20

Trained versus untrained with oxygen uptake

Answer 20

Untrained will plateau at an earlier state (VO2 max is lower)

Question 21

Factors influencing VO2 max

Answer 21

CO

AVO2 Max

Question 22

What is happening at rest

Answer 22

almost 100% of ATP is produced by aerobic metabolism
Blood lactate is low because are producing but getting rid of it just as fast
VO2 = 0.25L/min

Question 23

Transition to Exercise (from sitting)

Answer 23

Your muscles require energy immediately - ATP PCr provides until VO2 can catch up (until ETC can get there)
Repesents oxygen deficit

Question 24

Oxygen deficit with training

Answer 24

Decreases

You can get to steady state VO2 faster

Question 25

Order for sitting to exercise

Answer 25

PCr (Anaerobic) Glycolysis (Anaerobic) ETC - VO2 catches up (Aerobic)

Question 26

After you stop exercising what happens?

Answer 26

EPOC - Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption You grow the deficit the more intense the exercise you start with is EPOC can happen for up to an hour or more

Question 27

Why is metabolism still elevated after exercise

Answer 27

You are trying to reform stores of fuel and resynthesize and get all back to normal Fast portion - 1 to 3 minutes Slow portion - more than 30 minutes (elevated hormones and body temp)

Question 28

If you inc rate of glyclosis more than ETC can handle

Answer 28

Pyruvate will get converted to lactic acid --> LDH important in this Fast twitch muscle fibers favor this lactic acid formation

Question 29

Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation

Answer 29

4mmol/L

Question 30

Contributing factors to lactate in blood

Answer 30

Low muscle oxygen Accelerated glycolysis Recruitment of fast twitch fibers Reduced rate of lactate removal

Question 31

Lactate Threshold - Untrained

Answer 31

50-60%

Question 32

Lactate Threshold - Trained

Answer 32

70-90% | Will be at higher intensity before start to form lactate

Question 33

Removal of lactate during exercise

Answer 33

Up to 40% produced in muscle is metabolized elsewhere Heart (70%) Type 1 fibers Liver - to produce glucose 6 phosphate (20%)

Question 34

Removal of Lactate following exercise

Answer 34

If do nothing - takes longer to get rid of lactate | Light exercise - reduces this time

Question 35

When you reach the lactate threshold what is happening to ventilation

Answer 35

It is increasing | Inc lactate --> inc acidity of blood --> more bicarb --> more CO2 --> hyperventilate

Question 36

Ventilatory Threshold

Answer 36

When ventilation exceeds oxygen uptake

Question 37

Thresholds represent

Answer 37

Point where your production has exceeded removal and this leads to increase in ventilation