Electron Structure (2.2.1)

Question 1

What are electrons arranged into?

Answer 1

principal energy levels numbered 1, 2, 3, 4…

Question 2

What are the principal energy levels split into?

Answer 2

They are split into sub-levels labelled s, p, d and f

Question 3

What is different about each of the sub-levels?

Answer 3

They each have a different energy

Question 4

What is the order of increase in the energy of the sub-levels?

Answer 4

s –> p –> d –> f

Question 5

What are sub-levels split into?

Answer 5

They are split into orbitals, which each hold 2 electrons

Question 6

What is an atomic orbital?

Answer 6

a region within an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

Question 7

If an orbital is filled with two electrons?

Answer 7

They must have opposite spins

Question 8

What is the 3 dimensional shape of P orbitals

Answer 8

dumb-bell

Question 8

What is the 3 dimensional shape of S orbitals

Answer 8

spherical

Question 8

What is the number of orbitals and maximum number of electrons for sub-level ‘p’

Answer 8

3
6

Question 9

What is the number of orbitals and maximum number of electrons for sub-level ‘s’

Answer 9

1
2

Question 10

What is the number of orbitals and maximum number of electrons for sub-level ‘d’

Answer 10

5
10

Question 11

What is the number of orbitals and maximum number of electrons for sub-level ‘f’

Answer 11

7
14

Question 12

What is the order in which energy levels are filled?

Answer 12

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s²

Question 13

What is the short hand electronic configuration?

Answer 13

Noble gas in squared brackets + other electrons

Question 14

What are the two exceptions to the electronic configuration rules

Answer 14

chromium
copper

Question 15

What is the actual electronic configuration of chromium

Answer 15

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵

Question 16

What is the actual electronic configuration of copper

Answer 16

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹⁰

Question 17

What happens to positive ions

Answer 17

Electrons are removed from the highest energy orbitals

Question 18

What happens to negative ions

Answer 18

Electrons are added to the highest energy orbitals

Question 19

Are electrons removed first from the 4s or 3d?

Answer 19

The 4s

Question 20

In box diagrams, how do you represent two electrons in the same orbital?

Answer 20

One arrow pointing up (↑) and one arrow pointing down (↓)