Electron Configuration and Ions Flashcards
Explain where and how electrons sit
an atoms has electrons which sit on electron shells surrounding the nucleus.
What are the maximum electron amounts for each shell
Shell 1 = 2
Shell 2 = 8
Shell 3 = 8
Shell 4 = 18
How are electrons arranged on these shells
Electrons sit in pairs at 12, 3 , 6 and 9 oclock on the shells
Explain how groups and periods of the periodic table relate to electrons
groups - number of electrons in valence (outer) shell
periods - number of shells atom has
what is the common goal of all elements
the common goal of all elements is to be stable and have a full valence shell and to be isoelectric (have same electron configuration) as an inert gas (which has no tendency to react).
how does the element achieve this stability goal
elements achieve this goal by losing or gaining electrons.
how do scientists know what elements are more reactive than others
through metal displacement and metal and acid reaction they can order elements in order of reactivty.
What is an ion
elements with an electric charge due to a gain or loss of electrons to fill the valence shell
explain the ion creating reactions
When a METAL loses electrons it has more protons so is called a cation (pos ion)
When a NON - METAL gains electrons it has more electrons so is called a anion (neg ion)
Is an atom completely happy when it is stable?
NO - because althought it has a full valence shell is not neutral.
How do ions become neutral?
positive ions combine with negative ions in order to have an overall neutral charge this creates an ionic compound
How do you create an ionic compound
To create an ionic compounds the swap and drop method is used
What happens when an atom gets heated up and excited
the heated/energized electrons gain energy and can jump up to a higher shell.
because this is energetically unstable the electrons will fall back down to its original shell and release the gained energy in light form.
