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BC3009: Biophysical & Biochemical Methods > Electromagnetic Spectrum > Flashcards

Electromagnetic Spectrum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

A

The continuum of electromagnetic radiation
* As radiation energy DECREASES, wavelength INCREASES, frequency DECREASES

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2
Q

What is the wavelength range of Gamma waves?

A

0.0001 - 0.01 nm

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3
Q

What is the wavelength range of X-Ray waves?

A

0.1 - 10 nm

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4
Q

What is the wavelength range of UV waves?

A

10 - 400 nm

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5
Q

What is the wavelength range of Visible Light waves?

A

400 - 700 nm

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6
Q

What is the wavelength range of Infrared waves?

A

700 nm - 0.01 cm

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7
Q

What is the wavelength range of Radio waves?

A

1 cm - 100 m

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8
Q

What do the properties of electromagnetic radiation depend on?

A
  • Amplitude (A)
  • Wavelength (λ)
  • Crest & Trough
  • Speed of Light (c)
  • Frequency (f)
  • Period (T)
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9
Q

What is a Photon?

A

Light particle

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10
Q

What is the energy of a photon proportional to?

A

Energy of photon is proportional to the frequency of the radiation

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11
Q

What is the Amplitude (A) of a wave?

A

Height of wave

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12
Q

What is the Wavelength (λ) of a wave?

A

Distance between two crests of wave

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13
Q

What is the Crest and Trough of a wave?

A

Highest and lowest points of a wave

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14
Q

With respect to light waves, explain frequency (f) and period (T)

A
  • Frequency (f) = number of waves that pass a fixed point per second
  • Period (T) = number of seconds it takes for a wave to pass a fixed point
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15
Q

What is the speed of light (c)?

A

3.0 x 10^8 m/s

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16
Q

What is the relationship between c, f and λ?

A

λf = c
OR
f = cλ

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17
Q

Explain Planck’s constant and mention the value of the constant

A
  • Planck’s Constant (h) links a wave’s frequency (f) to its total energy (E)
  • Planck’s Constant (h) = 6.6262 x 10^-34 Js
18
Q

What is the relationship between E, c, f, and λ?

A
  • λf = c
  • E = hf = hc/λ
19
Q

What is the formula for the energy (E) of a photon?

A

E = hf

20
Q

What is a Hz?

A

One wave cycle per second

21
Q

What is an electron volt (eV)?

A

Energy required to move a single electron across a potential difference of 1V

22
Q

How many joules are in an eV?

A

1eV = 1.602 x 10^-19 J

23
Q

What is the approximate eV of gamma rays?

A

10^7

24
Q

What is the approximate eV of visible light?

A

10

25
Q

What is the approximate eV of radio waves?

A

10^-7

26
Q

Which spectroscopy technique has a wavelength of 50cm?
a) UV
b) Visible
c) NMR
d) X-Ray
e) ESR
f) IR

A

c) NMR

27
Q

Which spectroscopy technique has a wavelength of 0.5cm?
a) UV
b) Visible
c) NMR
d) X-Ray
e) ESR
f) IR

A

e) ESR

28
Q

Which spectroscopy technique has a wavelength of 100µm?
a) UV
b) Visible
c) NMR
d) X-Ray
e) ESR
f) IR

A

f) IR

29
Q

Which spectroscopy technique has a wavelength of 500nm?
a) UV
b) Visible
c) NMR
d) X-Ray
e) ESR
f) IR

A

b) Visible

30
Q

Which spectroscopy technique has a wavelength of 30nm?
a) UV
b) Visible
c) NMR
d) X-Ray
e) ESR
f) IR

A

a) UV

31
Q

Which spectroscopy technique has a wavelength of 1nm?
a) UV
b) Visible
c) NMR
d) X-Ray
e) ESR
f) IR

A

d) X-Ray

32
Q

Explain the energy state of atoms and how an electron can move from ground state to a higher energy state

A
  • Lowest energy state (ground state) of an atom has electrons filling orbitals with 2 electrons per orbital
  • When energy is added, an electron can be promoted to a higher energy orbital
33
Q

How does an excited state electron move back down to a lower energy level and what happens when it does?

A

Excited state electron can move back down to a lower energy level if it releases the energy difference as electromagnetic radiation

34
Q

Explain how movement of an excited state electron back down to a lower energy level can be used to identify hydrogen in the atmosphere

A

If an excited state electron in hydrogen drops from n = 3 to n = 2, it releases electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 656.3 nm

35
Q

Explain the difference between the absorption and the emission spectrum of hydrogen

A
36
Q

Explain the relationship between photon energy level and absorption by hydrogen

A
37
Q

What is the formula to calculate the energy of a photon?

A

E = hc/λ

38
Q

If an electron absorbed 9.5eV of energy, what wavelength does this correspond to on the electromagnetic spectrum?

A
  • E = 9.5 eV = (1.602 x 10^-19) x 9.5 eV = 1.522 x 10^-18 J
  • 1.522 x 10^-18 J = hc/λ
  • λ = hc/1.522 x 10^-18 J
  • λ = (6.6262 x 10^-34 Js) x (3.0 x 10^8 m/s) / 1.522 x 10^-18 J
  • λ = 1.31 x 10^-7 m
  • λ = 130 nm
39
Q

What range of wavelengths on the electromagnetic energy spectrum are radiated from the Sun?

A

10^2 - 10^5

40
Q

What range of wavelengths on the electromagnetic energy spectrum are radiated from the human body?

A

10^4

41
Q

What type of spectroscopy would detect the range of wavelengths radiated from the human body?

A

IR

BC3009: Biophysical & Biochemical Methods (12 decks)

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