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Chem I > Electromagnetic Radiation > Flashcards

Electromagnetic Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

All forms of electromagnetic radiation with varying energies

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2
Q

Wavelength

A

Lambda

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3
Q

Frequency

A

Number of waves passing a point in one second, Greek nu

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4
Q

Hertz

A

Unit of frequency

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5
Q

Speed of light

A

C = 3.0 X 10^8 m/sec

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6
Q

Wave speed

A

Speed of light

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7
Q

Formula I

A

C = lambda nu

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8
Q

Nano

A

10^-9

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9
Q

Mega

A

10^6

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10
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

Emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on it

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11
Q

1900 Max Planck

A

Objects emit energy in discrete packets

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12
Q

1905 Albert Einstein

A

Electromagnetic radiation has a dual-wave particle nature

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13
Q

Quantum

A

Minimum amount of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom

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14
Q

Photon

A

Unit or bundle of energy that carries a quantum of energy, but has no mass

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15
Q

The energy of a photon is _ to its frequency

A

Proportional

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16
Q

Formula II

A

E = h nu

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17
Q

Planck’s constant

A

(h) 6.63 X 10^-34 Joules

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18
Q

Joule

A

SI unit of heat energy produced when 1 Newton moves 1 meter; also electric current of 1 amp flowing through a potential of 1 volt for 1 second; and 1 calorie = 4.184 Joules

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19
Q

Large waves

A

Low frequency & energy

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20
Q

Excited atom

A

Atom that has absorbed a photon of energy

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21
Q

Ground state

A

State of lowest energy for that atom, the energy level it normally occupies.

22
Q

Process of exciting

A

Electric current - voltage is passed through gas tubes, giving it a characteristic glow of color

Heat - when placed in a flame, light energy is given off as electrons return to low energy

23
Q

Spectrum

A

An array of waves spread out according to the increasing/decreasing magnitude of a property

24
Q

Types of spectra

A

Electromagnetic, continuous, and bright line

25
Q

Radio

A

UHF, VHF, shortwave, long wave, AM, FM

26
Q

Microwave

A

Cooking, communication

27
Q

Infrared

A

Produced by hot objects

28
Q

X-rays

A

Artificially generated from electrons

29
Q

Gamma rays

A

Naturally occurring from nuclei

30
Q

Refracted rays

A

Those that are bent due to a change in speed when passing from air to S different material

31
Q

Highest frequency

A

Largest bending

32
Q

Prism

A

Special material that spreads out rays according to bending

33
Q

Spectroscope

A

Optical instrument used to produce and view spectra

34
Q

Bohr’s Theory

A

High energy to low energy electrons result in light being emitted
Each line of a bright line spectrum represents different energies of emitted radiation for that atom
Used hydrogen’s spectrum to mathematically account for wavelengths observed. Energy transitions were accounted for in the series he identified: Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen

35
Q

Louis DeBroglie 1924

A

Electrons are considered waves confined to the space around a nucleus (supported by the facts that electrons undergo diffraction and interference)

36
Q

Werner Heisenberg 1927

A

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: it is impossible to simultaneously identify the position and velocity of an electron or any particle

37
Q

Wave mechanics

A

Look to suggest the locations of electrons

38
Q

Space orbital

A

Highly probable location where an electron can be found (theoretical)

39
Q

Electron cloud

A

Size and shape of an atoms as defined by electron paths

40
Q

Quantum theory

A

Describes the wave properties of electrons in a mathematical fashion; it utilizes quantum numbers that describe the unique energy state of electrons

41
Q

Erwin Schrödinger 1926

A

Used the new quantum theory to write and solve a mathematical equation describing the location and energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom

42
Q

Quantum Numbers

A

(n, l, ml, ms)

l - angular momentum/orbital

ml - magnetic : positions about the axes

+1/2 - half full

-1/2 - full

43
Q

Electron pair

A

2 electrons of opposite spin in the same orbital

44
Q

Octet

A

An atom that has S and P orbitals totaling 8 electrons; a noble gas configuration

45
Q

Aufbau principle

A

Electrons first occupy the lowest energy level available; filling order begins to vary at level 3

46
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

No 2 electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers

47
Q

Hund principle

A

Orbits of equal energy are first occupied by a single electron before the second is added

48
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

Form of energy that travels through space as a series of waves

49
Q

As wavelength increases…

A

Frequency and energy decrease

50
Q

Filling order

A

Sassy Sasha Pushkina sells pickled strawberries down Putin Street during parties. Sasha’s father dances and plays strings for dill pickles.
1s-2s-2p-3s-3p-4s-3d-4p-5s-4d-5p-6s-4f-5d-6p-7s-5f-6d

Chem I (8 decks)

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