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Clinical Chemistry > Electrolytes (Ciulla) > Flashcards

Electrolytes (Ciulla) Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of a soln influenced by number of molecules in a soln ( NOT their indv composition)

A

Colligative Properties

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2
Q

4 types of Colligative Propeeties

A

Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Osmotic pressure
Vapor pressure

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3
Q

Measure of numb of DISSOLVED Particles in a solution?

A

Osmolality

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4
Q

Serum osmolality expressed as?? Unit?

A

mOsm/kg of water

Milliosmoles/kg

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5
Q

Ref range for

Serum Osmolality

A

275-295 mOsm/kg

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6
Q

Osmolality regulated by?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What happens if increase osmolality in blood? 2 things…

A

Consuming more h20= dec osmolality

Post Pituitary secrete ADH [ RENAL reabs] = dec osm

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8
Q

Formula for osmolality

A

1.86(Na) + gluc/18+ BUN/2.8 + 9

2(Na) + gluc/20 + BUN/3

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9
Q

Osmolal Gap value

A

<15

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10
Q

3 Osmolal gap can occur when?

A

Excessive alcohol
Ingest Toxins Ethylene glycol
Excess B-hydroxybutyrate

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11
Q

Why measure osmolality???

A

Asses:

Electrolyte disorder

Acid base status

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12
Q

Major Molecules measured in serum osmolality??

A

SCUG

SODIUM
CHLORIDE
UREA
GLUCOSE

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13
Q

Charged ions found in Intracell, extracell, interstitual fluid??

A

ELECTROLYTES

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14
Q

Positively charged ions

A

CATIONS

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15
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

ANIONS

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16
Q

Four major CATIONS?

SPCM

A

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium

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17
Q

Major Anions

A 
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Sulfate
Organic acids
Protein
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18
Q

Major Cation of Extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium

“MEC” major extracell cation

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19
Q

Changes in sodium result in changes in Plasma volume? True or false?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Renal sodium threshold?

A

110-130 mmol/L

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21
Q

Hyponatremia <135 mmol/L

2 types?

A

Depletion hyponat

Dilution hyponat

22
Q

Caused by diuretics, Addisons dse, Diarrhea, vomiting, severe burns, trauma

A

Depletion hyponat

23
Q 
Due to 
Over-hydration
SIADH
CHF
Nephrotic syndrome
Cirrhosis
A

Dilutional hyponat

24
Q

Hypernatremia > 150 mmol/L

Dse assoc?

A 
Hyperaldosteronism
Lost of water during : 
Diarrhea
Sweating
Diabetes Insipidus
25
Q

Major Intracellular Cation

26
Q

Potassium range

A

3.4-5.0 mmol/L

27
Q

Sodium range

A

135-145 mmol/L

28
Q

Hypokalemia <3 mmol/L

Assoc conditions?

A

Hyperaldosteronism
Laxative abuse
Excess Insulin
Decrease diet intake

29
Q

Hyperkalemia level?

Conditions?

A

> 5

Hypoaldosteronism
Metabolic acidosis
Leukemia
Chemotherapy
Renal Failure
Inc Intake diet
30
Q

Major ANION of Extracellular fluid

31
Q

Chloride range

A

98-107 mmol/L

32
Q

T or F

Chloride levels change PROPORTIONALLY with sodium level.

33
Q

2nd largest anion fraction of Extracell fluid

A

Bicarbonate

34
Q

Bicarbonate range

35
Q

Clinically conc of Total Carbon Dioxide is measured bcause it is difficult to measure HCO3. T or F

36
Q

Clinical significance of Decrease ctCO2

A

Metabolic Acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Salicylate toxicity

37
Q

Increase ctCO2

A

Metb alkalosis
Emphysema
Severe vomiting

38
Q

Mathematical formula used to demo ELECTRONUETRALITY of body fluids?

39
Q

Decrease ANION gap dse (2)

A

Hypoalbuminemia

Hypercalcemia

40
Q

Biologically active form of Calcium?

A

Ionized calcium

41
Q

Decreased iCal? Dse with muscle spasm uncontrolled musc contarctions

42
Q

Serum Calcium controlled by (3)

A

PTH
Vit D
Calcitonin

43
Q

Effect of PTH in bones?

A

Activate osteoclast= release of calcium

44
Q

Effect of PTH in Kidneys

A

Increase Tubular Reabs of Calcium

Stimulates HYDROXYLATION of Vit D

45
Q

Active form of Vit D

A

1,25 hyrdoxycholecalcalciferol

In the kidneys. Active na

In the liver. Inactive pa

46
Q

T or F calcium absorp Enhanced by Vit D

47
Q

Released by para follicular cells when serum calcium level INCREASES

A

CALCITONIN

48
Q

Inhibits Vit D and PTH

A

Calcitonin

49
Q

Total Calcium Range

A

8.6-10.3 mg/dL

50
Q

Free calcium range

Clinical Chemistry (2 decks)

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