Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paloma's Class > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Mg - Magnesium (normal blood value)

A

1.6-2.6 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Na - Sodium (normal blood value)

A

135-145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

K - Potassium (normal blood value)

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ca - Calcium (normal blood value)

A

8.6-10 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phosphorus (normal blood value)

A

2.7-4.5 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypokalemia causes what changes to ECG

A
  1. ST Depression
  2. Shallow, flat, or inverted T Wave
  3. Prominent U Wave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Foods High in Potassium Include

A
  • Avocado
  • Banana
  • Cantaloupe
  • Carrots
  • Fish
  • Mushrooms
  • Oranges
  • Potatoes
  • Pork
  • Beef
  • Veal
  • Raisins
  • Spinach
  • Strawberries
  • Tomatoes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Signs of Hypocalcemia

A
  • decreased heart rate
  • hypotension
  • diminished peripheral pulses
  • hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
  • increased gastric motility
  • hyperactive bowel sounds
  • Twitching
  • Muscle spasm
  • Numbness
  • Hyperactive Reflexes
  • Positive Trousseaus & Chvostek signs
  • Anxiety & irritability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of patients are at high risk for fluid loss?

A
  • elderly

- patients with an ileostomy or colostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyperkalemia and burns

A

Patients with wounds or substantial burns are at greater risk of hyperkalemia due to cellular fluid shifting during trauma. Also can be caused by sepsis or respiratory acidosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Administration of potassium

A

Potassium is administered by infusion solution. It is never given IM, subcut or bolus.

Should be diluted to 1 mEq/10ml.

Administration rate is 5-10 mEq per hour, NEVER to exceed 20 mEq per hour.

Renal function should assessed prior to administration & fluid balance should be monitored during administration.

Potassium infusion can cause phlebitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypocalcemia & Changes to the ECG

A
  1. Prolonged ST segment

2. Prolonged QT interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypercalcemia & Changes to the ECG

A
  1. Shortened ST segment

2. Widened T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypokalemia & Changes to the ECG

A
  1. ST depression
  2. Shallow, flat or inverted T Wave
  3. Prominent U wave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypomagnesemia & Changes to the ECG

A
  1. Tall T Waves

2. Depressed ST segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypermagnesemia & Changes to the ECG

A
  1. Prolonged PR interval

2. Widened QRS Complexes

17
Q

Chvostek’s Sign

A

Contraction of the facial muscles in response to a light tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear.

18
Q

Trousseau’s Sign

A

Carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff . The thumb and forefinger come together and contract inward toward the wrist.

19
Q

Signs of Hypercalcemia

A
  • increased heart rate
  • increased BP
  • bounding peripheral pulses
  • ineffective respiratory movement
  • profound muscle weakness
  • diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes
  • disorientation, lethargy, coma
  • formation of renal calculi, flank pain
  • decreased gastric motility & hypoactive bowel sounds
  • anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, constipation
20
Q

Common sources of Magnesium

A
  • almonds
  • avocado
  • canned white tuna
  • cauliflower
  • green leafy vegetables
  • milk
  • oatmeal
  • peanut butter
  • peas
  • pork
  • beef
  • chicken
  • soy beans
  • potatoes
  • raisins
  • yogurt
21
Q

Signs of Hypomagnesemia

A
  • tachycardia
  • hypertension
  • shallow respirations
  • twitching
    • trousseaus & chvosteks signs
  • hyperreflexia
  • seizures
  • irritability
  • confusion
22
Q

Signs of Hypermagnesemia

A
  • bradycardia
  • hypotension
  • respiratory inssufficiency
  • diminished deep tendon reflexes
  • drowsiness, lethargy, coma
23
Q

Common Sources of Phosphorus

A 
Fish
Pumpkin, squash
Nuts
Pork, beef, chicken & organ meats
Whole Grain breads & Cereals
Dairy Products
24
Q

Cardiac changes in hypokalemia

A

Includes:
- impaired depolarization resulting in flattening of the T wave and eventually emergence of a U wave.
- potentially lethal dysrhythmias is increased
-

25
Q

Signs of Hyponatremia

A
  • pulse can be rapid, thready, weak, bounding or normal depending on whether the patient is normovolemic, hypovolemic or hypervolemic.
  • shallow ineffective respiration
  • generalized muscle weakness
  • diminished deep tendon reflexes
  • headache
  • personality changes
  • confusion
  • seizures
  • coma
  • increased gastric motility and hyperactive bowel sounds
  • nausea
  • abdominal cramping
  • dry mucous membranes
26
Q

Signs of Hypernatremia

A
  • heart rate and BP respond to vascular volume status
  • pulmonary edema if hypervolemia is present
  • early: muscle twitching & irregular contractions
  • late: muscle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes
  • altered mental function
  • normo or hypovolemia - agitation, confusion, seizures
  • hypervolemia - lethargy, stupor, coma
  • extreme thirst
  • decreased urinary output
  • dry flushed skin
  • dry sticky tongue & mucous membranes
  • edema depending on fluid volume changes

Paloma's Class (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions