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Quiz 2 > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

0
Q

Dehydration

A

Dec in water

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1
Q

K

A

Potassium
+ cation
Range 3.5-5

Hyper and hypokalemia

  • transmit nerve impulses
  • regulate muscle tissue func
  • affect resting membrane potential
  • promote enzyme action
  • acid-base metabolism
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2
Q

Overhydration

A

Edema, heart failure

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3
Q

Water in body percents, ICF, ECF

A

Body is 60% water

ICF-75% 31.5L
ECF-25%
Intravas 17.5% 7.33L
Interstitial 7.5% 3.15L

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4
Q

Na

A

Cation, +
ICF
Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia

Most prevalent in water follows sodium

  • nerve impulse
  • reg of fluid balance
  • sodium pump
  • acid-base levels

Nerve impulse

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5
Q

Ca

A 
Calcium
Cation +
ICF
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia

-neuromuscular, heart contractile force, coagulation in blood, permeability, growth and ossification of bones and teeth

Muscle contracts

Nerve impulse
Builds bones

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6
Q

Mg

A 
Magnesium
Cation +
1.5-2.5
ICF
Hypermagnesemia
Hypomagnesemia

Neuromuscular contact
Heart contract
Activates enzymes
Similar to Ca

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7
Q

CI

A

Chlorine
Anion -
Charge balances the + charge of cations

Major rule in fluid balance and renal function

Assoc.with NA

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8
Q

HCO3-

A

Principle buffer in body

Neutralizes the H+ and other organic acids

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9
Q

HPO4-

A

Phosphate
Likes MG in renal action

Buffer in ICF

Imp. Body energy stores

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10
Q

Inter

A

Outside

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11
Q

Intra

A

With in

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12
Q

Hypertonic

A

Higher on one side of cell membrane

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13
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less conc on one side of cell

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14
Q

Hypertonic and hypotonic happen

A

Together

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15
Q

Dopamine av

A

Brand name: interopin
Class: sym
MOA:alpha 1 beta 1
Contraindications: hypovalemic, fill up tank
Side effects:tachyarrhythmias, HTN and palps
Route:IV

16
Q

Dobutamine

A

Brand name:dobutrex
Class: sympat
MOA:alpha1 beta1 beta2 +contract w/ little effect on heart rate

Indications:cardio and septio shock
Contraindications:addyon adequate heart rate
Side effects:
Route:

17
Q

Norepi

A 
Brand name:levophed
Class: alpha, alpha 2 beta 2
MOA:peripheral rascon
Indications:cardiogenic and spetic shock
Contraindications:hypovolemia
Side effects:myocardial iscnemia, n/v
Route:1-2 mcg/kg/mg pedi, 0.1 - 0.5 adult

IV /10

18
Q

Vasopressin

A

Brand name:pitressin
Class: press (hormone)
MOA:vasopressin,receptors, peripheral, recepters, vasoconstrel, antidiuretce
Indications:
Contraindications:hypeisens
Side effects:n/v, chest pain, headache, allergic reaction

Route:40 units ivp
0.02-0.04 units/min

19
Q

Ischemia

A

Reduced blood supply to organ

19
Q

Hyperkalemia
Causes
SI/SX
treatment

A

Causes: chronic kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, chemotherapy, rhabdomyolysis, medications, blood infusion

SI/SX: weakness, paralysis, resp failure, dysrrhthmias

treatment: mild: diuretics; moderate: glucose, insulin, NaHCO3

20
Q

Hypokalemia
Causes
SI/SX
treatment

A

Causes: GI loss from D laxatives, renal loss, severe hyperglycemia, intracellular shift, malnutrition

SI/SX: weakness, fatigue, paralysis, constipation, leg cramps

treatment: minimize further loss, IV K

21
Q

Hypernatremia
Causes:
SI/SX:
treatment:

A

High salt
Causes: gain of sodium, excess loss of water, hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s syndrome, hypertonic saline solution, NaHCO3

SI/SX: AMS, seizures, coma, weakness, irritability

treatment: reduce water losses, correct water deficits, no D5W

22
Q

Hyponatremia
Causes:
SI/SX:
treatment:

A

Low salt

Causes: excess water, loss of sodium in urine, renal failure, CHF, cirrhosis, vomiting

SI/SX: nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability, lethargy, seizures, coma death

treatment: sodium at 3%, sodium bicarbonate

23
Q

Hypercalcemia
Causes:
SI/SX:
treatment:

A

High calcium

Causes: hyperparathyroidism, malignancy

SI/SX: AMS, HTN, arrhythmias, hypokalemia, peptic ulcers, constipation, depression, confusion, weakness, fatigue

treatment: restore IV volume and promote Ca excretion with 0.9% Na, hemodialysis

24
Q

Hypocalcemia
Causes:
SI/SX:
treatment:

A

Low calcium

Causes: thyroid surgery, magnesium abnor

SI/SX: parasthesis-pins and needles, tetany, muscle cramps, sexiures, heart failure, decreased contractility

treatment: administer Ca gluconate, correct other problems

25
Q

Hypermagnesemia
Causes:
SI/SX:
treatment:

A

High Mg

Causes: renal failure

SI/SX: muscle weakness, resp depression, paralysis, drowsiness, confusion, vasodilation, hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias

treatment: CaCl2 or dialysis

26
Q

Hypomagnesemia
Causes:
SI/SX:
treatment:

A

Low Mg

Causes: decreased absorption or loss,

SI/SX: muscle tremors, tetany, ataxia, vertigo, seizures

treatment: MgSO4 calcium

Quiz 2 (4 decks)

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