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Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal range of sodium?

A

135-145

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2
Q

What is the action of sodium? What is it regulated by?

A

CNS- Blood pressure and blood volume; ADH and aldosterone

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3
Q

What foods have sodium?

A

Canned food, processed meats and cheese, fast food

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4
Q

What are symptoms of low sodium? (9)

A
  1. Confusion 2. Tired 3. abdominal cramping 4. Crave salt 5. Increase pulse 6. Depressed and deflated 7. Seizures 8. Coma 9. Respiratory arrest
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5
Q

What are symptoms of high sodium? (8)

A
  1. Crave water (polydipsia) 2. Weakness 3. Big and bloated (flushed, edema, N&V) 4. Increased muscle tone 5. Low grade fever 6. Decreased LOC 7. Seizures 8. Late= swollen tongue
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6
Q

What is the normal range for chloride?

A

95-105

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7
Q

What foods contain chloride?

A

Table salt, sea salt, seaweed, tomatoes, olives

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of low chloride?

A

Same as sodium (confusion, tired, abdominal cramping, crave salt, increased pulse, depressed and deflated; seizures; coma respiratory arrest) AND excessive diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, fever

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of high chloride?

A

Same as sodium (crave water (polydipsia), weakness, big and bloated (flushed, edema, N?V), increased muscle tone, low grade fever, decreased LOC, seizures, late=swollen tongue AND N/V, swollen dry tongue and confusion

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10
Q

What is the normal range of potassium?

A

3.5- 5.3

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11
Q

What is the action of potassium?

A

Heart (AP and contraction) skeletal muscles

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12
Q

What foods contain potassium?

A

Fruits and green leafy vegetables

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of low potassium? (8)

A
  1. U wave 2. Flat T waves 3. ST depression 4. Leg cramps (flaccid paralysis) 5. Decreased GI motility (SBO= paralytic ileus) 6. Abdominal distention 7. Decreased bowel sounds 8. Decreased DTR (deep tendon reflexes)
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14
Q

What are symptoms of high potassium? (9)

A
  1. Cardiac arrest (tight heart muscle) 2. ST elevation 3. Peak t-waves 4. Ventricular fibrillation 5. Decreased BP 6. Decreased pulse 7. Weakness and heaviness 8. Increased deep tendon reflex 9. Increased GI motility
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15
Q

What is the normal range for calcium?

A

8.5-10.5

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16
Q

What is the action of calcium?

A

Neuro- brain and nerves (bone, blood, and beats) parathyroid hormone; calcitonin hormone and calcitriol

17
Q

What foods have calcium?

A

Fruits (oranges), vegetables, almonds, dairy products, green vegetables

18
Q

What are symptoms of low calcium? (9)

A
  1. Weak bones 2. Bad teeth 3. Severe cramping 4. Trousseau’s sign (tremor with blood pressure cuff) 5. Chvostek’s sign (smile when cheek stroked) 6. Increased DTR (deep tendon reflex) 7. Diarrhea 8. Tingling around mouth 9. Risk for fracture, bleeding, irregular beats
19
Q

What are symptoms of high calcium?

A

Lethargy; bone pain; decreased deep tendon reflex

20
Q

What is the definition of anion gap? If it is too high or too low what could this indicate?

A

It’s the difference between negative and positive charged electrolytes. If too low or too high, it could indicate a disorder in the lungs, kidneys, or other body systems

21
Q

What is the normal range of phosphate?

22
Q

What is the function of phosphate?

A

bone and teeth formation, blood volume

23
Q

What foods contain phosphate? (6)

A

Meats, poultry, fish, nuts, beans, dairy products

24
Q

High or low phosphate is opposite what cation?

25
Q

What are symptoms of low phosphate?

A

Lethargy, bone pain, decreased deep tendon reflex

26
Q

What are symptoms of high phosphate? (8)

A

1.. Weak bones 2. Bad teeth 3. Severe cramping 4. Trousseau’s sign (tremor with BP cuff) 5. Chvostek’s sign (smile when cheek stroked) 6. Increased DTR 7. Diarrhea 8. Tingling around mouth (risk for fracture, bleeding, irregular beats)

27
Q

What is the normal range for magnesium?

28
Q

What is the function of magnesium??

A

Neuro, protein synthesis, nerve function, blood sugar control; LAW AND ORDER; Calcium and Vitamin D absorption

29
Q

What’ foods contain magnesium?

A

Spinach, almonds, yogurt

30
Q

What are symptoms of low magnesium? WILD (9)

A
  1. Tremors 2. Increased deep tendon reflex 3. Increased pulse 4. Confusion 5. ST depression 6. T wave with inversion 7. Vfib 8. Abnormal eye movements 9. Diarrhea
31
Q

What are the symptoms of high magnesium? (11) CALM AND QUIET

A
  1. Vasodilation 2. N&V 3. Weakness 4. Decreased DTR 5. Decreased BP 6. Decreased pulse 7. Heart block 8. Prolonged PR 9. Cardiac arrest 10. Decreased respirations 11. Decreased bowel sounds

Fundamentals (3 decks)

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