Chapter 8 Promoting Wellness Flashcards
How does the WHO define health?
The WHO initially defined health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (1948) In 1986 WHO redefined health as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capacities
How does transitional Chinese medicine define health?
A balance between yin and yang
How does Ayurveda describe health?
The trinity of body, mind, and and spiritual awareness
How does Florence Nightingale define health?
Prevention of disease through the use of fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light
Nursing theorist Jean Watson believes that health implies at least three elements
- A high level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning.
- A general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning
- the absence of illness (or presence of efforts that leads to its absence)
HEALTH IS A STATE OF MIND, THE PERCEPTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL. An individual may have a terminal illness and yet consider themselves healhty
how does a full-spectrum nurse define health and illness?
Health and illnesses are individual experiences emerging from each pt’s unique responses
How does Myers, Sweeney, and Witmer define health
A way of life oriented toward optimal health and well-being in which body, mind and spirit are integrated by the individual to live more fully within the human and natural community. This definition includes lifestyles and habits as components of health and permits people who have been diagnosed with disease to be considered healthy
How does Betty Neuman define health?
An expression of living energy available to an individual
Identify factors that disrupt health (10)
- Physical disease
- Injury
- Mental illnesss
- Pain
- Loss
- Impending death
- Competing demands- in times of illness the other competing demands continue. Sometimes people ignore health issues because competing demands are too great. When an illness is acute, such as a broken bone, the stress is usually bearable because it usually lasts for a set amount of time. But when the illness is chronic,, the competing demand can take a heavy toll.
- The unknown- Normal life changes (e.g. parents bringing their first baby home); anticipated life changes (i.e. expectant couple learns via amniocentesis that their child has a genetic defect, then during the remaining months of pregnancy they can read about the disorder and meet with other parents who have had children similarity affected); unexpected/sudden life changes- cancer diagnosis
- Imbalance- E.g. death of a child; treatment failure
- Isolation
Identify the factors that affect how a person responds to the disruptions of an illness?
Age, stage of illness (Experiencing symptoms-common problems rarely progress beyond this stage;Sick role behavior- relieves you of normal duties; family patterns of health, cultural influences, hardiness,,presence or absence of support, access to healthcare resources, acute vs chronic illness, and the intensity, duration, and multiplicity of the disruptions
Define hardiness
Developing a very strong positive force to live and enjoying the fight. It also involves a willingness to draw on resources from within oneself or from others to break out of old patterns of living when life situations change. Hardy people seek information and take initiative in dealing with life situations. They have an “I can deal with this attitude.
What are the 6 dimensions of health represented by the spokes of the wellness wheel?
- Physical
- Mental
- Emotional
- Social/family
- Occupational
- Spiritual
Identify the stages of change identifies by Prochaska and Diclemente (6)
- PRECONTEMPLATION STAGE- Precedes the change and identifies those who are not aware of having a particular problem, so they do not contemplate change
- CONTEMPLATION- involves the decision-making process- seriously thinking about overcoming a problem but have not yet made a commitment to take action
- PREPARATION/DETERMINATION- the stage in which a decision to change a behavior has been made and a plan is prepared
- ACTION- the plan is implemented
- MAINTENANCE- allows the changed behavior too be reinforced
- TERMINATION- completes the maintenance. Persons who enter into the termination stage have changed the behavior and are not in danger of relapse.
Ideally, these stages would progress in the preceding order.Realistically, a person may progress and regress in any of the stages. The change process in persons with certain unhealthful habits (i.e. smoking, vaping, substance abuse, obesity) may be likened to the image of a revolving door. An individual may exit at any point from the revolving door. If the exit occurs during or at the end of the maintenance period, then successful behavior change has occurred. If the exit does not occur before the end of the maintenance period, then relapse will occur, and th individual will return to the previous lifestyle
Describe the four main types of health promotion programs
- Disseminating information: Providing information is one of the most basic health promotion programs. Information is required to recognize a problem and to understand options for change. This type of health promotion program may occur at the individual, group, or community level. For example, client teaching focused on improving health is a form of dissemination information to an individual. group level programs to promote health include classes offered at the local hospital, prenatal education programs, and work site programs. Community level health promotion programs are directed at the entire community. When you pass a billboard that presents the dangers of smoking, you are viewing a community level health promotion program. Health columns in the newspaper and health fairs are other examples of ways to disseminate information.
- PROGRAMS FOR CHANGING LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIOR- Lifestyle and behavior change programs are group level programs. They focus on activities such as weight loss, smoking cessation, exercise, nutrition, and stress management. These programs usually provide information and offer support. Many times, they include a maintenance program to help solidify the change
- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL PROGRAMS- Environment refers to air, water, and soil, as well as social and political surroundings. Environmental control programs promote health by working to create a healthful environment. Programs focus on air and water quality, toxic ==waste, healthful homes and communities, infrastructure and surveillance, global environmental health, and political advocacy
- WELLNESS ASSESSMENT AND HEALTH RISK APPRAISAL PROGRAMS- these programs focus on identifying behaviors that promote health and fight disease. A wellness assessment tends to focus on the healthful behaviors. It supports positive change to improve health. A health risk appraisal identifies risky behaviors that promote disease. These programs are readily available on the internet, in magazines and at fitness centers. They improve awareness of health promotion activities
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