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Clin Med: GU (block 3) > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of our body weight is water?

A

60%

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2
Q

How much of the 60% is intracellular & how much is extracellular?

A
  • Intracellular is about 2/3 (40%)
  • Extracellular is about 1/3 (20%)
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3
Q

What is osmolality?

A

of particles in solution

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3
Q

Is Na+ intracellular or extracellular?

A

major extracellular cation

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4
Q

What is a normal osmolality?

A

285-295

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5
Q

What is the normal osmolar gap?

A

10

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5
Q

Normal serum Na+

A

135-145

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6
Q

What extracellular anion tends to follow Na+ to maintain electroneutrality?

A

Cl-

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7
Q

What is hyponatremia? And levels mild, mod, severe

A

Na+ < 135
- Mild 130-134
- Moderate 120-129
- Severe < 120

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7
Q

Extra test that could be ran for hyponatremia?

A
  • TSH
  • AM cortisol
  • BNP
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8
Q

What are the 3 types of low osmolality w/ hypoNa+ = “true” hypoNa+?

A
  • Hypervolemic
  • Euvolemic
  • Hypovolemic
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9
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic true hypoNa+

A
  • CHF
  • cirrhosis
  • renal failure
  • hypoalbuminemia
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10
Q

Causes of Euvolemic true hypoNa+

A
  • SIADH
  • hypothyroidism
  • low solute intake, etc.
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10
Q

Causes of hypovolemic true hypoNa+

A

renal & extrarenal losses

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10
Q

Causes of normal osmolality w/ hypoNa+ = pseudonatremia

A

Incr PRO or lipids in blood

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10
Q

Causes of high osmolality w/ hyponatremia = pseudohyponatremia

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Recent mannitol or sorbitol use
10
Q

What do we check when assessing volume status?

A

-Vital signs
-Orthostatics
-JVP
-Skin turgor
-Mucous membranes
-Peripheral edema

10
Q

Main causes of SIADH

A
  • pulm malignancy
  • symptomatic HIV
  • Drugs
  • Idiopathic
11
Q

Main antidepressant drugs that cause SIADH

A
  • SSRIs
12
Q

RFs of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS)
(central pontine myelinosis)

A
  • Serum Na+ < 105 mEq/L
  • Chronic hypoNa+ corrected too quickly
  • EtOH use
  • Malnutrition
  • Liver dz
12
Q

Normal serum potassium level

A

3.5 - 5.2

13
Q

Is K+ intracellular or extracellular?

A

intracellular

14
Q

Where is most K+ found?

A

in muscles

15
Q

Normal range for Mg++

A

1.7 - 2.2

16
Q

Is Mg++ intracellular or extracellular

A

intracellular

17
Q

What are the levels of hypermagnesemia?

A
  • mild (4-7)
  • mod (7-12)
  • severe (>12)
17
Q

Normal Ca++ range

A

8.5 - 10.5

18
Q

___% of Ca++ in the body is found in the ___

A
  • 99%
  • bones
18
Q

Describe the remaining 1% of Ca++,

A

~50% ionized (free)
~40% PRO bound-primarily to albumin

18
Q

Saying for hypercalcemia

A

“Stones, bones, abdominal groans, & psychiatric overtones”

18
Q

Normal serum phosphorus range

A

2.5 - 4.5

Clin Med: GU (block 3) (7 decks)

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