ELECTROLYTES

Question 1

Kalemias do the SAME AS the prefix, except for ?

Answer 1

Kalemias do the SAME AS the prefix, except for heart rate & urine output!!

Question 2

S/S…

HYPERkalemia:

Answer 2

brain: irritability, restlessness, agitation…
lungs: tychpnea
heart: low heart rate
urine: oliguria
bowel: diarhhea, borborygmi
muscles: spasticity
reflexes: +3/+4

Question 3

S/S of HYPOkalemia: 
brain: \_\_\_\_ 
lungs: \_\_\_\_\_\_\ 
heart: \_\_\_\_ 
urine: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
bowel: \_\_\_\_\_\_ 
muscles: \_\_\_\_\_\_ 
reflexes: \_\_\_\_/\_\_\_ 
-Cushings: immonosuppressed (needs PRIVATE room) (aldosterone; retain sodium & water; 
low on potassium

Answer 3

HYPOkalemia: 
brain: lethergy 
lungs: bradypnea 
heart: tachycardia 
urine: polyuria 
bowel: constipation 
muscles: flaccidity 
reflexes: 1/2 
-Cushings: immonosuppressed (needs PRIVATE room) (aldosterone; retain sodium & water; 
low on potassium

Question 4

Calcemias do the _____of the prefix… except for heart( meaning it can go up or down ) anything can happen with calcemiss

Answer 4

Calcemias do the OPPOSITE AS the prefix…

Question 5

HYPERcalemia:s/s

brain: ______, _____, _______…
lungs: ___
heart: ______
urine: ______
bowel: ______, ____\
muscles: ______
reflexes: ___/___

Answer 5

HYPOkalemia:

brain: lethergy
lungs: bradypnea
heart: tachycardia
urine: polyuria
bowel: constipation
muscles: flaccidity
reflexes: 1/2

Question 6

HYPOcalemia: s/s

brain: ______, _____, _______…
lungs: ___
heart: ______
urine: ______
bowel: ______, ____\
muscles: ______
reflexes: ___/___
Chvostek sign: ______
Trousseau sign: _______

Answer 6

brain: irritability, restlessness, agitation.
lungs: tychpnea
heart: low heart rate
urine: oliguria
bowel: diarhhea, borborygmi
muscles: spasticity
reflexes: +3/+4
Chvostek sign: when you touch their CHEEK, they go into a spasm of the face (neuromuscular
irritability associated with a LOW calcium)
Trousseau sign: when you put a blood pressure cuff on, blow it up & they go into a spasm of
the hand.

Question 7

Magnesiums do the ____ AS the prefix…

Blood pressure can be ___ or ___

Answer 7

Magnesiums do the OPPOSITE AS the prefix…

Blood pressure can be up or down

Question 9

S/S…
HYPERmagnesium:

brain: ______, _____, _______…
lungs: ___
heart: ______
urine: ______
bowel: ______, ____\
muscles: ______
reflexes: ___/___

Answer 9

brain: irritability, restlessness, agitation…
lungs: tychpnea
heart: low heart rate
urine: oliguria
bowel: diarhhea, borborygmi
muscles: spasticity
reflexes: +3/+4

Question 10

In a tie, never pick Mg. If symptom involves nerve or skeletal muscle, pick ______. For any
other symptom, pick Potassium

Answer 10

In a tie, never pick Mg. If symptom involves nerve or skeletal muscle, pick Calcium. For any
other symptom, pick Potassium

Question 11

HYPOmagnesium: s/s

brain: ______, _____, _______…
lungs: ___
heart: ______
urine: ______
bowel: ______, ____
muscles: ______
reflexes: ___/___

Answer 11

brain: irritability, restlessness, agitation.
lungs: tychpnea
heart: low heart rate
urine: oliguria
bowel: diarhhea, borborygmi
muscles: spasticity
reflexes: +3/+4

Question 12

HYPOnatremia: =______ *Fluid volume ____

This disorder
1.)

These signs

1. )
2. )

Answer 12

HYPOnatremia: OVERLOAD Fluid volume excess SIADH

1. ) Increased weight
2. )edema

Question 13

The earliest sign of any electrolyte disorder is

Answer 13

The earliest sign of any electrolyte disorder is numbness (paresthesia)
& t ingl ing

Question 14

The universal sign/symptom of electrolyte imbalance is ____?

Answer 14

The universal sign/symptom of electrolyte imbalance is muscle
(paresis) weakness

Question 15

TREATMENT: (boards should only test potassium)
HIGH potassium (will stop your heart)
Rules for Potassium:
Low potassium
-NEVER ______!
-NEVER more than ___[_ of K per liter of IV fluid.. If more than ___, question & clarify with
DOC first!
-HIGH POTASSIUM = ______ electrolyte imbalance! can STOP heart!

Kayexalate “K exits late” (switch the potassium with soldium) permanent/slow
So… Give both D5W w/ REG insulin & kayexalate!… switching from a life threatening
imbalance (HYPERkalemia) for a non-life threatening imbalance (HYPERnatremia); just
hydrate!! ☺

Answer 15

TREATMENT: (boards should only test 
potassium) 
HIGH potassium (will stop your heart) 
Rules for Potassium: 
Low potassium treatment 
-NEVER push IV! 
-NEVER more than 40 of K per liter of IV fluid.. If more than 40, question & clarify with 
DOC first! 
-HIGH POTASSIUM = worst electrolyte imbalance! *can STOP heart!* 

High potassium treatment

Kayexalate “K exits late” (switch the potassium with soldium) permanent/slow
So… Give both D5W w/ REG insulin & kayexalate!… switching from a life threatening
imbalance (HYPERkalemia) for a non-life threatening imbalance (HYPERnatremia); just
hydrate!! ☺

Question 17

S/S…
HYPERnatremia: =____

These disorders

1. )
2. )
3. .)

These signs

1. )
2. )
3. )
4. )
5. )

Answer 17

S/S…
HYPERnatremia: DEHYDRATION

1. )*DKA
2. )* DI…
3. )HHNK?
4. ) Poor skin turgor
5. )Dark urine
6. )Hot flushed skin
7. )Increase urine specific gravity
8. )Weak, thready pulse