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Nursing > Electrolyte Status > Flashcards

Electrolyte Status Flashcards

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1
Q

hypernatremia tx

A

conservative fluid replacement

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2
Q

hyperkalemia causes

A

oliguric renal failure, hypoaldosteronism, extensive tissue trauma, excess administration, high K+ intake, rapid transfusion of aged stored blood, potassium conserving diuretics, use of salt substitutes

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3
Q

result of rapid fluid replacement

A

rebound cerebral edema

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4
Q

hypocalcemia causes

A

inadequate vitamin D, hypoparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, malabsorption syndrome, drugs c calcium lowering effects, iron

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5
Q

hyperkalemia s/s

A

vague muscle weakness, parasthesia of face, feet, and hands, cardiac arrhythmias/bradycardia, flaccid muscle paralysis

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6
Q

hypophosphatemia tx

A

IV administration of phosphates (Kphos)

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7
Q

hyperkalemia tx

A

K+ diet restriction, insulin/glucose, parenteral bicarb, dialysis

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8
Q

normal serum sodium

A

135 - 145 mEq/L

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9
Q

hyperphosphatemia tx

A

phosphate-binding medications: phoslo, amphojel

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10
Q

trousseau’s sign

A

seizing of forearm when sphygmomanometer is applied

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11
Q

functions of magnesium

A

plays a major role in glucose, protein metabolism; nerve transmission

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12
Q

causes of water gains

A

excess administration of water in tube feeds, excess D5W, psychogenic polydipsia, SIADH

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13
Q

hypokalemia causes

A

poor dietary intake, vimiting/diarrhea/GI suction, K+ depleting diuretics, hyperaldosteronism

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14
Q

functions of potassium

A

primarily in ICF, cell membrane excitability (particularly cardiac), protein synthesis, acid-base balance

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15
Q

hypomagnesemia causes

A

chronic alcoholism (malnutrition and malabsorption), GI losses, intestinal malabsorption syndromes, prolonged administration of Mg-free IV fluids

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16
Q

functions of phosphate

A

storage/use of energy (ATP), mitosis, cell membrane integrity

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17
Q

hypernatremia causes

A

water deprivation, watery diarrhea, increased insensible losses, excess administration of sodium fluids, profuse sweating without fluid replacement, near drowning in salt water, diabetes insipidus

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18
Q

fluid volume deficit causes

A

loss of water; decreased intake

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19
Q

hyponatremia tx

A

replace sodium, possible fluid restrictions

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20
Q

hyperphosphatemia s/s

A

short term: tetany

long term: soft tissue calcifications

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21
Q

fluid volume excess causes

A

CHF, excessive sodium, renal disease, excess admin na parenteral, administration of blood products to pt c severe edema

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22
Q

hypermagnesemia causes

A

renal failure, severe extracellular fluid depletion, MgSO4 admin, overuse of antacids containing magnesium

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23
Q

FVD labs

A

increased hct and bun

24
Q

hypomagnesemia s/s

A

increased reflexes, positive chvostek’s and trousseau’s, convulsions, mood changes, hallucinations

25
Q

normal serum calcium

A

8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL

26
Q

hypermagnesemia early s/s

A

flushing/warmth, N/V, mild hypotension: vasolidation

drowsiness, hypoactive reflexes, weakness

27
Q

hypermagnesemia tx

A

vent, parenteral calcium gluconate

28
Q

minimum adjust time for severe hypernatremia

A

36 - 48 hours

29
Q

FVD tx

A

replacement

30
Q

functions of calcium

A

normal transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting

31
Q

severe hypernatremia s/s

A

hallucinations, disorientaton, irritability when stimulated, lethargy when left alone, seizures, coma

32
Q

normal urine specific gravity

A

1.015

33
Q

hypermagnesemia causes

A

renal failure, severe extracellular fluid depletion, MgSO4 admin, overuse of antacids containing magnesium

34
Q

hyponatremia s/s

A

N/V and anorexia, confusion, lethargy, HA, muscle twitching, seizures, coma

35
Q

hypokalemia tx

A

mild: dietary increase, supplementation
severe: IV replacement c telemetry

36
Q

hypocalcemia tx

A

supplementation c vitamin D, IV calcium glutonate with seizure precautions

37
Q

normal serum potassium

A

3.5 - 5

38
Q

functions of sodium

A

nerve conduction, water regulation, muscular activity

39
Q

hypercalcemia s/s

A

muscle weakness, tiredness, decreased memory/attention span, confusion, renal stones, neurotic behavior, bradycardia/cardiac arrest

40
Q

hypercalcemia tx

A

increase excretion of calcium in urine

41
Q

hypomagnesemia tx

A

mild: supplementation (oral or parenteral)
severe: IV MgSO4 (monitor urinary output and respirations)

42
Q

mild hypernatremia s/s

A

thirst, dry mucous membranes

43
Q

hypophosphatemia s/s

A

muscular weakness, parasthesia, mental changes, acute respiratory failure

44
Q

normal serum magnesium

A

1.8 - 2.6 mg/dL

45
Q

hypermagnesemia late s/s

A

depressed reflexes, absent deep tendon reflexes

46
Q

hyponatremia causes

A

loss of sodium, gains of water

47
Q

hyperphosphatemia causes

A

renal disease, high intake, hypoparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism

48
Q

hypophosphatemia causes

A

phosphate binding antacids/meds, re-feeding after starvation

49
Q

hypocalcemia s/s

A

twitching, seizing, chvostek’s and trousseau’s signs, tingling of fingers and toes, laryngeal spasms, mental changes

50
Q

hypokalemia s/s

A

muscle weakness, fatige, hyperglycemia, increased dig sensitivity, cardiac arrhythmias

51
Q

fluid volume deficit symptoms

A

dry skin/mm, decreased turgor, rapid wt loss, altered sensorium, decreased urinary output, weak, rapid pulse, slow filling hand veins, postural hypotension, marked oliguria

52
Q

hypercalcemia causes

A

parathyroidism, excess administration of vitamin D, calcium antacids, milk alkali syndrome, prolonge immobilization

53
Q

FVE tx

A

diuretics, fluid restriction

54
Q

FVE s/s

A

acute weight gain, peripheral/periorbital edema, moist rales in lungs, bounding/full pulse, polyuria (c normal renal function), possible pleural effusion

55
Q

normal serum phosphate

A

3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL

56
Q

FVE labs

A

decreased hct and bun

57
Q

causes of sodium loss

A

diuretic use, GI fluid loss, nephritis, adrenal insufficiency

Nursing (9 decks)

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