ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES

Question 1

ELECTROLYTE DEFINITION AND FUNCTION

Answer 1

Š SUBSTANCES WHOSE MOLECULES SPLIT INTO IONS
Š CATIONS— POSITIVE IONS
Š ANIONS—- NEGATIVE IONS

Question 2

ELECTROLYTE FUNCTIONS

Answer 2

Š* PROMOTE NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION
Š* MAINTAINS FLUID OSMOLARITY
Š *REGULATION OF H+ BALANCE
Š* DISTRIBUTION OF BODY FLUIDS BETWEEN    
   COMPARTMENT

Question 3

CATIONS

Answer 3

Š POTASSIUM ŠK + 3.5 -5.1 mEq/L
Š MAGNESIUM Mg+ 1.5 -2.5
Š SODIUM Na+ 135 -145
Š CALCIUM Ca+ 9-11mg/d

Š
Š

Question 4

ANIONS

Answer 4

Š BICARBONATE (HCO-3) 20-30 mEq/L
Š Chloride (Cl) 96-106
Š*** PHOSPHATE (PO43) 2.8-4.5
Š PROTEIN 6-8

Question 5

MAJOR ELECTROLYTES

Answer 5

ŠK—–MAJOR ICF CATION

ŠNA—-MAJOR ECF CATION

Question 6

SODIUM FACTS

Answer 6

*MAIN ECF CATION:  EFFECTS H20 
  DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ECF AND ICF
Š* NA PUMP EFFECTS NERVE IMPULSE    
   TRANSMISSION
*Š KIDNEYS REGULATE ECF NA VIA ADH 
   EFFECT ON H20
*NA CONTROLLED BY ALDOSTERONE A LOW  
 SERUM SODIUM WILL INCREASE 
 ALDOSTERONE. 
Š* NA EFFECTS CELL SIZEŠ REGULATES ABB

Question 7

POTASSIUM FACTS

Answer 7

Š *MAIN ICF CATION CONTROLS OSMOTIC 
  PRESSURE AND NEUROMUSCULAR ACTIVITY
*Š EFFECTS SKELETAL MUSCLE AND CARDIAC 
  EXCITABILITY
*Š REGULATES ABB
*Š EFFECTS GLUCOSE TRANSPORT  
*  ALDOSTERONE CONSERVES NA &H20
    WHICH PROMOTES K EXCRETION
*Š HYPERKALEMIA = ACIDOSIS
*Š HYPOKALEMIA = ALKALOSIS
* HYPOKALEMIA CAN ENHANCE THE 
   EFFECTS OF DIGITALIS CAUSING DIGITALIS 
   TOXICITY
Š* RAPID OR OLD BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS CAN 
   CAUSE HYPERKALEMIA PLASMA PORTION 
   IS HIGH IN K
* THERE IS AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP 
   BETWEEN NA AND K REABSORPTION IN THE 
   KIDNEYS’
*Š FACTORS THAT CAUSE NA RETENTION 
  (BLOOD LOSS,INCREASE ALDOSTERONE)
   CAUSE K LOSS.