Electrolyte Disturbances

Question 1

Hyponatremia

Answer 1

Nausea and malaise, stupor, coma, seizures

Question 2

Hypernatremia

Answer 2

Irritability, stupor, coma

Question 3

Hypokalemia

Answer 3

*U waves and *flattened T waves on ECG, arrhythmias, muscle cramps, spasm, weakness

Question 4

Hyperkalemia

Answer 4

*Wide QRS and *peaked T waves on ECG, arrhythmias, muscle weakness

Question 5

Hypocalcemia

Answer 5

Tetany, seizures, QT prolongation, twitching

Chvostek sign), spasm (Trousseau sign

Question 6

Hypercalcemia

Answer 6

Stones (renal), bones (pain), groans (abdominal
pain), thrones (INC urinary frequency), psychiatric
overtones (anxiety, altered mental status), but not necessarily calciuria

Question 7

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 7

Tetany, *torsades de pointes, hypokalemia

Question 8

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 8

DEC DTRs, lethargy, bradycardia, hypotension,

cardiac arrest, hypocalcemia

Question 9

Hypophosphatemia

Answer 9

Bone loss, osteomalacia (adults), rickets (children)

Question 10

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 10

Renal stones, metastatic calcifications, hypocalcemia