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USMLE- Renal > Electrolyte Disturbances > Flashcards

Electrolyte Disturbances Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Hyponatremia

A 
Nausea
Malaise
Stupor
Coma
Seizures
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2
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Irritability
Stupor
Coma

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3
Q

Hypokalemia

A

U waves (afterT wave on EKG)
Flattened T waves
Arrhythmias
Muscle Spasm

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4
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Wide QRS
Peaked T waves
Arrhythmias
Muscle weakness

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5
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Tetany
Seizures
QT prolongation
Chvostek sign (facialmuscle twitching elicited by tapping over cranial nerve VII)

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6
Q

Hypercalcemia

A 
Stones (renal)
Bones (pain)
Groans (abdominal pain)
Thrones (increased urinary frequency)
Psychiatric overtones (anxiety, AMS)
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7
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Tetany
Torsades de pointes
Hypokalemia

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8
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A 
Decreaed DTR
Lethargy
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Cardiac arrest
Hypocalcemia
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9
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

Bone loss
Osteomalacia (adults)
Rickets (children)

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10
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Renal stones
Metastatic calcifications
Hypocalcemia

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USMLE- Renal (3 decks)

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