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Finals cc > Electrolyte Disturbances > Flashcards

Electrolyte Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

Describe ECG changes in hypokalaemia

A

T wave flattening, U waves, prolonged PR

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2
Q

What is the management for hypokalaemia?

A

If potassium > 3 and no ECG changes - Sando K

If potassium < 3 or ECG chanegs - IV potassium with cardiac monitoring

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3
Q

Describe ECG changes in hyperkalaemia

A

Peaked T waves, wide QRS

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4
Q

What is the management of hyperkalaemia?

A

IV calcium gluconate, IV insulin and dextrose

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5
Q

What is the management of hyponatraemia?

A

Hypovolaemic - fluids
Euvolaemic - fluid restriction
Hypervolaemic - diuretics

Severe - hypertonic saline in ICU

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6
Q

What is the management of hypernatraemia?

A

Gentle rehydration with hypotonic fluids eg dextrose, or if hypovolaemic give IV fluids

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7
Q

What can happen if hyponatraemia is corrected too quickly?

A

central pontine myelinosis

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8
Q

What can happen if hypernatraemia is corrected too quickly?

A

Cerebral oedema

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9
Q

Describe ECG changes in hypocalcaemia

A

Prolonged QT -> Torsades de pointes

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10
Q

What is the management of hypocalcaemia?

A

Mild - oral calcium carbonate

ECG changes - IV calcium gluconate

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11
Q

Describe ECG changes in hypercalcaemia

A

Shortening of QT -> AV node block

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12
Q

What is the management of hypercalcaemia?

A

Aggressive fluid resuscitation

If severe consider IV pamidronate

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13
Q

What is the significance of hypomagnesaemia?

A

Often accompanies hypokalaemia, replace magnesium first !!!

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14
Q

What is the management of hypophosphataemia?

A

Oral phosphate

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15
Q

What is the management of hyperphosophataemia?

A

Senior management renal replacement therapy

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16
Q

What is the management of hypomagnesaemia?

A

Oral magnesium sachet

17
Q

What is the management of hypermagnesaemia?

A

IV calcium gluconate

Finals cc (9 decks)

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