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ACC > Electrolyte Abnormalities > Flashcards

Electrolyte Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Hyperkalaemia

A 
Renal failure
Drugs
Rhabdomyolysis
Metabolic acidosis
Infection
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2
Q

Presentation of Hyperkalaemia

A

Asymptomatic
Weakness
Flaccid paralysis
Arrythmia

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3
Q

ECG hyperkalaemia

A 
Prolonged PR interval
Tented T waves
Wide QRS
VT 
Cardiac arrest
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4
Q

Hyperkalaemia treatment

A 
Salbutamol neb
IV calcium chloride
Insulin/glucose
Sodium bicarbonate
Furosemide
Dialysis
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5
Q

Hypokalaemia causes

A 
GI and renal losses
Drugs
Cushing's syndrome
Metabolic alkalosis
Low magnesium
Dietary deficiency
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6
Q

Hypokalaemia presentation

A 
Fatigue
Weakness
Leg cramps
Rhabdomyolysis
Ascending paralysis
Resp difficulties
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7
Q

Hypokalaemia ECG

A

Flat T waves
ST changes
Arrhytmias
Cardiac arrest

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8
Q

Hypokalaemia treatment

A

PO or IV potassium and IV magnesium

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9
Q

Hypercalcaemia causes

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy
Sarcoidosis
Drugs

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10
Q

Hypercalcaemia presentation

A 
Confusion
Weakness
Abdominal pain
Hypotension
Arrhthymias
Cardiac arrest
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11
Q

Hypercalcaemia ECG

A

Short QT
Prolonged QRS
Flat T waves
AV block

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12
Q

Hypercalcaemia treatment

A 
IV fluids
Furosemide
Hydrocortisone
Pamidronate
Treat underlying cause
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13
Q

Hypocalcaemia causes

A 
Chronic renal failure
Acute pancreatitis
Poisoning
Rhabdomyolysis
Tumour lysis syndrome
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14
Q

Hypocalcaemia presentation

A

Paraesthesia
Tetany
Seizures
AV block

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15
Q

Hypocalcaemia ECG

A

Long QT
T wave inversion
Heart block

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16
Q

Hypocalcaemia treatment

A

IV calcium chloride

IV magnesium sulphate

17
Q

Hypermagnesaemia causes

A

Renal failure

Iatrogenic

18
Q

Hypermagnesaemia presentations

A

Confusion
Weakness
Resp depression
AV block

19
Q

Hypermagnesaemia ECG

A

Prolonged PR and QT
T wave peak
AV block

20
Q

Hypermagnesaemia treatment

A

Calcium chloride

Ventilatory support

21
Q

Hypomagnesaemia causes

A

GI loss
Polyuria
Starvation and malnutrition
Alcoholism

22
Q

Hypomagnesaemia presentation

A 
Tremor
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Seizures
Arrhythmia
Cardiac arrest
23
Q

Hypomagnesaemia ECG

A 
Prolonged PR and QT
ST depression
T wave inversion
Flat P waves
Long QRS
Torsades de pointes
24
Q

Hypomagnesaemia treatment

A

Mag Sulphate

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