Electrolyte Abnormalities Flashcards
Causes of Hyperkalaemia
Renal failure Drugs Rhabdomyolysis Metabolic acidosis Infection
Presentation of Hyperkalaemia
Asymptomatic
Weakness
Flaccid paralysis
Arrythmia
ECG hyperkalaemia
Prolonged PR interval Tented T waves Wide QRS VT Cardiac arrest
Hyperkalaemia treatment
Salbutamol neb IV calcium chloride Insulin/glucose Sodium bicarbonate Furosemide Dialysis
Hypokalaemia causes
GI and renal losses Drugs Cushing's syndrome Metabolic alkalosis Low magnesium Dietary deficiency
Hypokalaemia presentation
Fatigue Weakness Leg cramps Rhabdomyolysis Ascending paralysis Resp difficulties
Hypokalaemia ECG
Flat T waves
ST changes
Arrhytmias
Cardiac arrest
Hypokalaemia treatment
PO or IV potassium and IV magnesium
Hypercalcaemia causes
Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy
Sarcoidosis
Drugs
Hypercalcaemia presentation
Confusion Weakness Abdominal pain Hypotension Arrhthymias Cardiac arrest
Hypercalcaemia ECG
Short QT
Prolonged QRS
Flat T waves
AV block
Hypercalcaemia treatment
IV fluids Furosemide Hydrocortisone Pamidronate Treat underlying cause
Hypocalcaemia causes
Chronic renal failure Acute pancreatitis Poisoning Rhabdomyolysis Tumour lysis syndrome
Hypocalcaemia presentation
Paraesthesia
Tetany
Seizures
AV block
Hypocalcaemia ECG
Long QT
T wave inversion
Heart block
Hypocalcaemia treatment
IV calcium chloride
IV magnesium sulphate
Hypermagnesaemia causes
Renal failure
Iatrogenic
Hypermagnesaemia presentations
Confusion
Weakness
Resp depression
AV block
Hypermagnesaemia ECG
Prolonged PR and QT
T wave peak
AV block
Hypermagnesaemia treatment
Calcium chloride
Ventilatory support
Hypomagnesaemia causes
GI loss
Polyuria
Starvation and malnutrition
Alcoholism
Hypomagnesaemia presentation
Tremor Ataxia Nystagmus Seizures Arrhythmia Cardiac arrest
Hypomagnesaemia ECG
Prolonged PR and QT ST depression T wave inversion Flat P waves Long QRS Torsades de pointes
Hypomagnesaemia treatment
Mag Sulphate
