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Chemistry -year 10 > Electrolysis > Flashcards

Electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The splitting up of a compound using electricity

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2
Q

What is the half equation for the electrolysis of lead

A

Pb–>Pb 2+ +2e-

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3
Q

What is the equation for the formation pf bromine

A

2Br+2e- –> 2Br-

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4
Q

What state mus the compound be in for electrolysis

A

Liquid (aqueous solution) or molten

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5
Q

What is the cathode

A

The negative terminal, full of electrons

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6
Q

What is the anode

A

Positive terminal, lack of electrons

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7
Q

Why are the elements in the compounds attracted to the cathode or anode

A

Because opposites attract

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8
Q

What is oxidation

A

The loss of electrons

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9
Q

What is reduction

A

Gain of electrons

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10
Q

Where does oxidation occur

A

At the anode

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11
Q

Where does reduction occur

A

At the cathode

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12
Q

What is an aqueous solution

A

Something dissolved in water

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13
Q

What happens to water molecules during electrolysis

A

They also ionise, forming hydrogen ions (+) and hydroxide ions (-)

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14
Q

What is a reversible reaction

A

A reaction that can happen both ways

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15
Q

What happens at the anode during the electrolysis of NaCl dissolved in water

A

The chloride ions lose one electron each at the positive anode, pair up and become chloride gas (oxidation). The hydroxide ions get left behind in the solution

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16
Q

What is the half equation for chlorine at the anode

A

2Cl+ –> Cl(2) + 2e-

17
Q

What happens to sodium at the cathode

A

The sodium is more reactive than the hydrogen, meaning that hydrogen gas is released (H2). This means that sodium ions are left behind in the solution

18
Q

What is the half equation for what happens at the cathode during the electrolysis of NaCl

A

2H+ + 2e- –> H2

19
Q

What are the rules of electrolysis for positive ions

A

If the metal is less reactive then hydrogen, then it forms at the cathode, but if it is more reactive than hydrogen, then hydrogen gas is released at the cathode

20
Q

What are the rules pf electrolysis for negative ions

A

If halide (group 7) ions are present, they will be released at the anode. Next, is hydroxide ions,releasing oxygen at the anode. Half equation ( 4OH- –> 2H2O + O2 + 4e-). Any larger ions come next

21
Q

What is the overall equation for the electrolysis of aluminium oxide

A

2Al2 O3 (l) –> 4Al (l)+ 3O2 (g)

22
Q

Why are electrodes made from carbon graphite

A

Because they are solid, unreactive and good conductors

23
Q

What is the half equation for the aluminium in aluminium oxide

A

Al3+ (l) + 3e- –>Al (l) (reduction)

24
Q

What is the half equation for the oxygen in the aluminium oxide

A

2O2- (l) –> O2 (g) + 4e- (oxidation)

25
Q

What is phytomining

A

The extraction of copper using plants

26
Q

What is bioleaching

A

The extraction of copper using bacteria

27
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for the displacement reaction of adding scrap iron to the copper

A

Iron+ copper (II) sulfate –> iron (III) sulfate + copper

Fe (s) + Cu2+ (aq) –> Fe 2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

28
Q

Where are the pure and impure copper sheers placed during the reaction

A

The pure copper sheet is placed at the cathode, with the impure copper sheet placed at the anode

29
Q

What reaction happens at the cathode

A

Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- –> Cu (s)

30
Q

Why does the cathode strip get larger

A

Because solid copper is deposited there

31
Q

What reaction happens at the anode

A

Cu (s) –> Cu2+ (aq) + 2e-

32
Q

Why is there sludge at the anode

A

Because as the copper from the anode replaces the copper in the solution, other valuable materials below copper in the reactivity series are deposited at the bottom of the container

Chemistry -year 10 (4 decks)

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