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Chemistry > Electrolysis > Flashcards

Electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

We can only do electrolysis on

A

Ionic compounds

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2
Q

Sulphate charge

A

SO4 2-

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3
Q

Nitrate charge

A

NO3 -

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4
Q

Phosphate charge

A

PO4 3-

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5
Q

Carbonate charge

A

CO3 2-

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6
Q

Hydroxide charge

A

OH -

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7
Q

What happens in electrolysis

A

Electrical energy is transferred to decompose the electrolyte

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8
Q

What is the Electrolyte

A

The liquid we are electrolysing

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9
Q

What is the ionic compound broken down into

A

Positive cations and negative anions

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10
Q

What should the electrolyte be and why

A

A liquid (molten or dissolved) so that the ions are free to move and carry a current

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11
Q

What current must the electrodes be connected with and why

A

DC current because the current needs to flow one way so that no electrons are lost

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12
Q

Electrodes and how they work

A

Negative cathode which attracts positive cations (metals and hydrogen) and a positive anode which attracts negative anions (non-metals and hydroxides) (opposite charges attract)

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13
Q

Electrolysis def

A

The breaking down (decomposition) of an ionic compound using electric energy from a direct current

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14
Q

Electrode def

A

A conductor through which electricity enters or leaves a substance

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15
Q

Electrolyte def

A

An ionic compound (liquid) with free moving ions

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16
Q

Electrolysis of copper sulphate solution

A

Cu2+ SO4 2- (CuSO4)
The cations copper or hydrogen will travel to the cathode as electrons will leave the cathode. The sulphate or hydroxide anions will travel to the anode. It depends on which ions are less reactive; they will be discharged.
Copper will be made as it is less reactive than hydrogen. The hydrogen ions are donated electrons and become hydrogen molecules.
Oxygen will be made.

17
Q

Test for sulphur

A

It’s a yellow gas

18
Q

Electrolysis of solutions

A

The less reactive ions will be discharged. A the anode the “simplest” ion is discharged. At the cathode, the metal is discharged if it is less reactive than hydrogen. If it is more reactive, then the hydrogen is discharged.

19
Q

Inert

A

Not involved in electrolysis as they don’t react e.g. graphite electrodes (the conduct electricity well)

20
Q

Anything above carbon uses ____ under uses ____ and silver gold and platinum are extracted from ___

A

Electrolysis, reduction by being heated with carbon, mining

21
Q

Ores def

A

Rocks that contain a metal which we can extract

22
Q

Malachite

A

Copper

23
Q

Bauxite

A

Aluminium

24
Q

Cinnabar

A

Mercury

25
Q

Galena

A

Lead

26
Q

Haematite

A

Iron

27
Q

Reduction is the loss of ____ and gain of ____

A

Oxygen and electrons (to the cathode)

28
Q

Oxidation is the gain of ____ and loss of ____

A

Oxygen and electrons (from the anode)

29
Q

Reducing agent

A

Causes other things to reduce/steal their oxygen

30
Q

Spectator ion

A

Ions that have been left out as they don’t change

31
Q

Why recycle

A

Resources are finite and limited, sustainable, energetically favourable, cheaper, avoids landfills which are bad for the environment, less CO2, use less fossil fuels

32
Q

Life cycle

A

Obtaining and processing raw materials, manufacturing and packaging product, using product, disposal of product

33
Q

Formation of copper chloride solution products

A

CuCl2
Cu2+ + 2e- –> Cu at the cathode (reduction)
2Cl- –> Cl2 + 2e- at the anode (oxidation)

34
Q

Formation of water acidified with sulphuric acid products

A

H2O + H2SO4
2H+ + O2- + 2H+ + SO42-
…

35
Q

REDOX reaction of magnesium and copper sulfate

A

Copper + magnesium sulfate (displacement)
(Cu + MgSO4)
(Reduction) (Oxidation)

36
Q

Formation of molten lead bromide products

A

PbBr2 is a pure substance with only lead and bromide ions. It is the electrolyte. The electrodes are put into the electrolyte and a direct current (battery or cell) applies the electricity. The positive lead ions migrate/transit to the negative cathode and the negative bromide ions migrate/transit to the positive anode.
Cathode: Pb2+ + 2e- –> Pb
Anode: 2Br- –> Br2 + 2e-

Chemistry (10 decks)

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