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Chemistry 2 > Electrolysis > Flashcards

Electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The splitting up of an ionic substance by passing an electric current through it.

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2
Q

What happens if you pass an electric current through an ionic substance that’s molten or in solution?

A

It breaks down into elements.

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3
Q

What is the electrolyte?

A

Liquid to conduct the electricity, usually the molten or dissolved ionic substance.

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4
Q

What does the electrolyte contain?

A

Free ions.

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5
Q

What conducts the electricity?

A

Free ions.

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6
Q

What happens at the negative electrode?

A

Reduction.

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7
Q

What happens at the positive electrode?

A

Oxidation.

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8
Q

What is reduction?

A

Gain of electrons.

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9
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Loss of electrons.

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10
Q

In the electrolysis of lead bromide, what is produced at the positive electrode?

A

Bromine.

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11
Q

In the electrolysis of lead bromide, what is produced at the negative electrode?

A

Lead.

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12
Q

What happens if there are more than two free ions in the electrolyte at the negative electrode?

A

Hydrogen will be produced unless the metal is less reactive than it.

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13
Q

What happens if there are more than two free ions in the electrolyte at the positive electrode?

A

If no halide is present, oxygen will be formed.

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14
Q

What does the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produce?

A

Hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

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15
Q

In the electrolysis of sodium chloride, what is produced at the negative electrode?

A

Hydrogen.

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16
Q

In the electrolysis of sodium chloride, what is produced at the positive electrode?

A

Chlorine.

17
Q

In the electrolysis of sodium chloride, what is left in the solution?

A

Sodium hydroxide.

18
Q

In the electrolysis of sodium chloride, what is the half equation for the negative electrode?

A

2H+ + 2e- –> H2

19
Q

What is chlorine used for?

A

Bleach and plastics.

20
Q

What is sodium hydroxide used for?

A

Chemical industry and soap.

21
Q

What is the main ore of aluminium?

A

Bauxite.

22
Q

What is cryolite used for?

A

To bring the high melting point down.

23
Q

What are the electrodes made of?

A

Carbon (graphite)

24
Q

In the extraction of aluminium, what forms at the positive electrode?

A

Oxygen.

25
Q

In the extraction of aluminium, what forms at the negative electrode?

A

Aluminium.

26
Q

In the extraction of aluminium, why do the positive electrodes have to be replaced?

A

Carbon dioxide is produced when the oxygen reacts with the carbon.

27
Q

In electroplating, what is the negative electrode?

A

Object to be plated.

28
Q

In electroplating, what is the positive electrode?

A

Pure metal to plate with.

29
Q

In electroplating, what does the electrolyte contain?

A

Ions of the plating metal.

30
Q

What can electroplating be used for?

A
  1. Decoration

2. Conduction

31
Q

In the electrolysis of sodium chloride, what is the half equation for the positive electrode?

A

2Cl- - 2e- –> Cl2

Chemistry 2 (6 decks)

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