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Fundatmentals > Electrolye Signs and Symptoms > Flashcards

Electrolye Signs and Symptoms Flashcards

0
Q

What system does unbalanced Potassium mess up?

A

Cardiac function

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1
Q

What system does unbalanced Sodium mess up?

A

Neurological state

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2
Q

What systems does unbalanced Calcium mess up?

A

Nervous, muscular, and bone

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3
Q

What system does unbalanced Magnesium mess up?

A

Nervous

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4
Q

What system does unbalanced Phosphorus mess up?

A

Energy and metabolism (ATP)

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5
Q

What can unbalanced chloride mess up?

A

Osmotic Pressure and Digestion

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6
Q

What can cause hyponatremia?

A

Loss of sodium and water, inadequate take, BURNS, DIARRHEA, VOMITING, CHF, liver cirrhosis, renal failure, DIURETICS, adrenal insufficiency, HYPOTHYROIDISM, SIADH

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7
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

HEADACHE, LETHARGY, CONFUSION, seizures, coma, nausea, vomiting, HYPOREFLEXIA, WEAKNESS

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8
Q

How can the nurse treat hyponatremia?

A

Increase environmental safety, RUN IV FLUIDS (HYPERTONIC), DIURETICS/FLUID RESTRICTION, MONITOR I/Os, treat the underlying cause,

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9
Q

What are the nursing diagnoses that accompany hyponatremia?

A

Impaired mental status, excess fluid volume, risk for impaired sensory perception, risk for injury, risk for electrolyte imbalance

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10
Q

What causes hypernatremia?

A

Fluid volume loss or excess intake, bicarbonates

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?

A

Extreme thirst, INCREASED NEURO ACTIVITY, flushed skin, fever

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12
Q

How can the nurse treat hypernatremia?

A

MONITOR I/Os, gradually reduce to normal with adequate water or NSS

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13
Q

What nursing diagnoses accompany Hypernatremia?

A

Risk for injury, risk for fluid volume deficit, impaired physical mobility, impaired sensory perception, risk for impaired oral mucous membranes

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14
Q

What causes hypokalemia?

A

Diuretics (ALDACTONE), diarrhea, vomiting, starvation, GI SUCTION, LAXATIVE ABUSE, enemas, DIGOXIN, albuterol, INSULIN

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?

A

WEAKNESS, PARALYSIS, muscle pain, PARESTHESIA, weak/thready pulse, DYSRRHYTHMIAS, HEART BLOCK, shallow respiration, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, DECREASED GI MOTILITY

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16
Q

What does the severity of the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia depend on?

A

The rate that the decrease in levels happens

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17
Q

How should the nurse treat hypokalemia?

A

Potassium supplements

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18
Q

How should Potassium be given?

A

Never push it and never exceed 20 mEq/L

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19
Q

What nursing diagnoses should accompany hypokalemia?

A

Decrease cardiac output, risk for injury, ineffective breathing pattern, constipation, fatigue

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20
Q

What causes hyperkalemia?

A

Excessive potassium intake, decreased potassium excretion, BURNS, CHEMO, severe muscle injury

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21
Q

What is potassium excreted in?

A

Urine

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22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A

Weakness, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, parasthesias, CRAMPS, flaccid limb paralysis, DYSRRHYTHMIAS, BRADYCARDIA, HEART BLOCK, DECREASED BP

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23
Q

How can the nurse treat hyperkalemia?

A

Stop all infusion potassium, LOOP DIURETICS, CALCIUM, INSULIN, kayexalate, albuterol, DIALYSIS

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24
Q

What nursing diagnoses should accompany hyperkalemia?

A

Risk for decreased cardiac output, risk for injury, diarrhea r/t neuromuscular changes and GI irritability

25
Q

What causes hypocalcemia?

A

Inhibition of GI absorption, increased excretion, decreased ionized calcium, endocrine disturbance, PARATHYROID function, hypomagnesemia

26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A

PARASTHESIA, SEIZURES, cramps, TETANY, TREMORS, CONFUSION, irritability, DYSRRHYTHMIAS, laryngospasm, ALTERED CLOTTING, BLEEDING, bruising

27
Q

How can the nurse expect to treat hypocalcemia?

A

Calcium gluconate, calcium chloride, oral calcium, ADEQUATE HYDRATION

28
Q

How should calcium gluconate be administered?

A

Very slow IV Push

29
Q

What nursing diagnoses accompany hypocalcemia?

A

Decreased cardiac output, risk for injury r/t muscle contraction, imbalanced nutrition

30
Q

What causes hypercalcemia?

A

Increased intake of Calcium or Vitamin D, increased absorption, decreased excretion, NEOPLASTIC DISEASE, HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, Paget’s disease, HYPERTHYROIDISM, overuse of antacids or thiazide diuretics

31
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

WEAKNESS, LETHARGY, paresthesia, hypotonia, nausea, vomiting, CONSTIPATION, anorexia, INCREASED BP, DECREASED LOC, HEADACHE, low back/flank pain, polyuria, EXCESS CLOTTING, decreased peristalsis

32
Q

How can the nurse expect to treat hypercalcemia?

A

Monitor ECG and labs, increase fluids to allow kidneys to flush, decrease Calcium in diet and antacid use, LOOP DIURETICS, CORTICOSTEROIDS

33
Q

Which medication lab values do you have to closely monitor if your patient has hypercalcemia?

A

Digoxin

34
Q

What nursing diagnoses accompanies hypercalcemia?

A

Risk for injury, potential renal insufficiency, imbalanced nutrition, risk for constipation

35
Q

What can a nurse do for a patient in hypercalcemic crisis?

A

NS IV Bolus at 300-500 mL/hr, Plicamycin, Salmon calcitonin, IV Phosphorous, or dialysis

36
Q

What are the causes of hypomagnesemia?

A

ALCOHOLISM, chronic poor diet, prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, decreased absorption and related GI conditions, LONG TERM IV THERAPY, TPN, increased renal excretion

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

A

HYPERREFLEXIA, TWITCHING, cramps, TETANY, Trousseau’s sign, Chvostek’s sign, DYSRRHYTHMIAS, INCREASED HR, shallow respirations, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, depression, confusion, laryngeal stridor

38
Q

Define the relationship between Magnesium and Calcium

A

They compete in a direct relationship for binding spots

39
Q

What is Magnesium used to treat?

A

It prevents cardiovascular disease and helps patients rebound from TIAs

40
Q

Define the relationship between Magnesium and Phosphorus

A

They have an indirect relationship because of the relationships between Calcium and Phosphorus and Calcium and Magnesium

41
Q

How should a nurse expect hypomagnesemia to be treated?

A

Oral/IV magnesium, diet changes, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, “banana bag” supplements

42
Q

What foods are rich in magnesium?

A

Whole grains, cocoa, legumes, dark/leafy veggies

43
Q

What nursing diagnoses accompany patients with hypomagnesemia?

A

Imbalanced nutrition, risk for injury, risk for decreased cardiac output

44
Q

What causes hypermagnesemia?

A

Increased magnesium intake, antacids, laxatives, enemas, drug overdose treatment, lithium, RENAL FAILURE, decreased aldosterone

45
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

A

HYPOREFLEXIA, drowsy, LETHARGIC, weakness, paresthesia, shallow respirations, HYPOTENSION, bradycardia, flush, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, HEART BLOCK, coma

46
Q

How can the nurse expect to treat hypermagnesemia?

A

Increase renal excretion, calcium gluconate, DIURETICS, DIALYSIS, rehydration

47
Q

What nursing diagnoses accompany hypermagnesemia?

A

Risk for injury, risk for ineffective breathing pattern, decreased cardiac output

48
Q

What causes hypophosphatemia?

A

Decreased absorption, increased excretion, intracellular shift, poor diet status, ANTACIDS, HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, HYPERCALCEMIA, renal failure, DIABETES MELLITUS, ALCOHOL ABUSE

49
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia?

A

IRRITABILITY, CONFUSION, DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT, weak pulses, weakness

50
Q

How can the nurse expect to treat hypophosphatemia?

A

Stop Calcium supplements, stop diuretics, stop antacids, oral or IV push Phosphorus and Vitamin D, diet changes

51
Q

Which foods are rich in Phosphorus?

A

Fish, organ meats, nuts, whole grains

52
Q

What nursing diagnoses accompany hypophosphatemia?

A

Risk for injury, potential renal insufficiency, imbalanced nutrition, risk for constipation

53
Q

What causes hyperphosphatemia?

A

Renal insufficiency, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, increased intake

54
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia?

A

Paresthesia, SEIZURES, cramps, TETANY, TREMORS, CONFUSION, IRRITABILITY, DYSRHYTHMIAS, laryngeal spasm, altered clotting, BLEEDING, bruising

55
Q

How would the nurse expect to treat hyperphosphatemia?

A

Phosphate binding drugs (calcium carbonate, antacids, laxatives), discontinue Fleet enemas

56
Q

What are the nursing diagnoses that accompany hyperphosphatemia?

A

Decreased cardiac output, risk for injury, imbalanced nutrition

57
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypochloridemia?

A

Vomiting

58
Q

What does hypochloridemia lead to?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

59
Q

What are the causes of hyperchloridemia?

A

Too much bicarbonate

60
Q

What condition does hyperchoridmia lead to?

A

Metabolic acidosis

Fundatmentals (6 decks)

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