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Chemistry 30 > Electrochemistry > Flashcards

Electrochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred

Must have both oxidation and reduction happening for the reaction to occur

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2
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

A process in which electrons are gained by an entity

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3
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

A process in which electrons are lost by an entity

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4
Q

What are the two ways you can determine if a redox reaction takes place?

A

Change in oxidation state

Balanced half reactions

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5
Q

What is an oxidation state?

A

The apparent jet charge an atom would have if it owned all the electrons in a covalent bond

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6
Q

What are the steps to determining oxidation states?

A
  1. Assign common oxidation numbers
  2. The total of all the oxidation numbers equals the net charge on the molecule
  3. Any unknown oxidation number is determined algebraically from known oxidation numbers and the net charge of the entity
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7
Q

What is the oxidizing agent?

A

Causes oxidation by removing electrons (gaining) from another substance in a redox reaction

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8
Q

What is the reducing agent?

A

Cause reduction by donating electrons (losing) to another substance in a redox reaction

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9
Q

What is a half reaction?

A

Balanced chemical equations that represent either a loss or gain of electrons

One half reaction represents reduction

The other fair reaction represents oxidation

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10
Q

What are the steps for determining complex half reactions?

A
  1. List all of the species present
  2. Use the table in the data booklet to determine the strongest OA and the strongest RA
  3. Write out the two half reactions (flip the oxidation reaction)
  4. Balance to cancel electron if needed
  5. Write out net ionic equation
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11
Q

How can you determine the spontaneity of redox reactions using the data booklet?

A

If the SOA is above the SRA it is spontaneous

If the SOA is below the SRA it is non-spontaneous

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12
Q

How can you determine the spontaneity of redox reactions using the net electrical potential?

A

If the net EP is positive it is spontaneous

If the net EP is negative it is non-spontaneous

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13
Q

What are the steps for balancing redox equations using oxidation numbers?

A
  1. Assign oxidation numbers and identify atoms/ions whose oxidation numbers change
  2. Use the change in oxidation numbers to determine the number of electrons transferred per atom
  3. Determine the number of electrons transferred per reactant
  4. Use coefficients to balance electron charge in reactants and products
  5. Balance oxygen atoms using H2O and hydrogen atoms using H+
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14
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Natural process where a metal reacts to fork a more chemically stable form (oxidation)

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15
Q

What is refining?

A

Removal of impurities, how most metals are formed from ores (reduction)

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16
Q

What is a sacrificial anode?

A

A very strong reducing agent that will be oxidized

Protects a less reactive metal (weaker RA) from reacting/corroding/rusting/oxidizing

17
Q

What is an electrical cell?

A

An electric cell converts chemical energy into not electrical energy

18
Q

What are electric cells composed of?

A

Two electrodes and at least one electrolyte

19
Q

What are electrodes?

A

Solid electrical conductors

The positive electrode is defined as the cathode

The negative electrode is defined as the anode

Electrons flow through the external circuit from anode to cathode

20
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

Aqueous electrical conductor

Ions travel internally in the solution

21
Q

What is a voltaic cell?

A

Consists of two half cells separated by a porous boundary with solid electrodes connected by an external circuit

SOA undergoes reduction at the cathode (increases in mass)

SRA undergoes oxidation at the anode (decreases in mass)

22
Q

What is a electrolytic cell?

A

Non spontaneous reaction

Two electrodes

At least one electrolyte

External power source

23
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The process of supplying electrical energy to force a non-spontaneous redox reaction to occur

24
Q

What is a reference cell?

A

Used as a baseline for the comparison of redox half reactions

25
Q

What is the chloride anomaly?

A

States that when Cl- and H2O are the only (or strongest) RA’s present, it is the chloride ions that will oxidize to form chlorine gas, even though the data booklet suggests water should react

26
Q

What are the steps for stoichiometry?

A
  1. Write a balanced half-reaction equation of the substance being produced or consumed
  2. Convert given measurement to moles using the appropriate conversion (moles/L, concentration, mole e-)
  3. Use the mole ratio
  4. Covert to the final or desired quantity using the appropriate conversion
27
Q

What is Faraday’s number?

A

9.65 x 10^4 C/mole e-

Chemistry 30 (4 decks)

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