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Physiological Psychology > Electrochemical Basis Of Behavior > Flashcards

Electrochemical Basis Of Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Approaches To The Brain

A

behavioral references

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2
Q

X-Rays

A
  • oldest method
  • structural
  • electromagnetic wave lengths of short waves
  • passes through skull
  • high density: bone, shows
  • low density: blood clots, don’t show
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3
Q

Contrast X-Rays

A

more advanced.

  • fluid is injected that is more or less absorbent
  • passes through brain
  • contrast between tissue and fluid is shown
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4
Q

Cerebral Angiography (including Femorocerebral)

A
  • safest method
  • radio translucent dye injected into cerebral artery
  • shows vascular damage
  • structural
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5
Q

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

A
  • signal processing before and after pictures
  • subtracts common elements between pictures
  • shows arteries
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6
Q

CT/CAT Scan

A
  • computerized tomography
  • rotates around head creating a 3D image
  • staticky, not as clear
  • a-symmetry, density difference
  • hypodensity: less dense (darker)
  • hyper density: more dense (brighter)
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7
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A
  • a magnetic field hits hydrogen atoms, audits waves, and transfers results to images
  • no metals allowed on individual
  • titanium is allowed
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8
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

A
  • active areas of the brain require energy
  • radioactive 2-deoxyglucose is objected
  • shows how much radioactivity is in each part of the brain
  • has poor temporal resolution
  • functional
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9
Q

Radioactive 2-Deoxyglucose

A

-not true glucose

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10
Q

Single-Photon Emission Coupled Tomography (SPECT)

A
  • radioactivity tagged isotopes picked up by a sensor

- they omit gamarays

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11
Q

PET vs. SPECT

A

GOOD: spect is cheaper, patient is sedated
BAD: with spect the transfer takes a couple days to clear, not great temporal resolution

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12
Q

Stereotaxic Surgery

A
  • head holder, prevents movement, instruments placed precisely
  • surface of skull is exposed
  • start at the bragima (major sutures intersect)
  • animals
  • stereo-taxic atlas (brain maps)
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13
Q

Lesioning Techniques

A
  • causing damage to the brain

- looking for a behavioral change

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14
Q

Aspiration Lesions

A
  • eye dropper device to suck out brain matter

- less ironing cortical tissue

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15
Q

Radio-Frequency Lesions

A
  • high frequency current goes through a stereotaxically positioned electrode
  • heat from the current destroys brain tissue
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16
Q

Knife Cuts

A

-scalpel

17
Q

Cryogenic Blockade

A
  • “reversible” “temporary”
  • coolant is pumped through fine tubes to cool neurotissue
  • just above freezing level
18
Q

Electrophysiological Unit Recording

A
  • intracellular
  • extra cellular
  • multiple
  • invasive
19
Q

Intracellular Unit Recording

A

-chemically immobilized animals to do it

20
Q

Extracellular Unit Recording

A
  • action potentials of neurons

- a probe is placed next to neuron internally

21
Q

Multiple Unit Recording

A

-electrodes pick up signals from neurons simultaneously

22
Q

Invasive Recording

A

-recording from over a week or month

23
Q

Pharmacological Research Methods

A
  • drug administered

- the affects are recorded

24
Q

Injections/Methods

A
  • oral
  • intragastric (stomach)
  • IV
  • intramuscular
  • hypodermic
  • subcutaneous
25
Q

Cannula

A
  • a more direct route
  • hollow needle stereotaxically implanted into brain
  • it injects directly to targeted spot
26
Q

Selective Chemical Lesions

A
  • inject a neurotoxin
  • micro injection
  • neurotoxin is taken up by cell bodies at tip of cannula
  • cell bodies are destroyed, not axons
27
Q

2-Deoxyglucose Technique

A
  • taken up by neurons
  • the subject is killed
  • brain is sliced for results
28
Q

Cerebral Dialysis

A
  • implant a tube that has a semipermeable section

- it picks up intracellular chemicals

29
Q

Immunocytochemistry

A
  • locates neuroproteins and neurotransmitters

- based on how an immune system works

30
Q

In Situ Hybridization

A
  • locates peptides and proteins
  • based on hybrid strands of messenger RNA
  • bunds to complementary RNA strands
31
Q

Gene Knockout Techniques

A
  • older methods
  • create organisms that lack a particular gene
  • knockout mice
  • might impair other genes
32
Q

Gene Replacement Techniques

A
  • replace a gene with an alternate version

- almost identical

33
Q

Structural Approaches To The Brain

A

structural references

Physiological Psychology (2 decks)

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