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Physiology > Electrocardiography > Flashcards

Electrocardiography Flashcards

1
Q

Electrophysiology

A

Branch of physiology concerned with the recording and analysis of the electrical activity of the heart

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2
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Recording of electrical potentials produced by cardiac tissues as recorded from the surface of the body

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3
Q

Electrogram

A

Graphic recording of electrical activity of heart from surface of heart

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4
Q

Instantaneous vector

A

Net voltage measured on the body surface

The algebraic sum of all the myocardial action potentials moving in many directions

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5
Q

Voltage of instantaneous vector

A

Number of cells being depolarized or repolarized at any instant

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6
Q

Direction of instantaneous vector

A

Depends on which anatomic regions of the heart is dominant at that instant

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7
Q

Series of instantaneous vectors representing the depolarization of the atria

A

P vector

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8
Q

Series of instantaneous vectors representing the depolarization of the ventricles

A

QRS Vector

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9
Q

Series of instantaneous vectors representing the repolarization of the ventricles

A

T vector

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10
Q

Instantaneous vectors are summarized as

A

Initial, Mean, and Terminal vectors

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11
Q

Average or mean vector

A

Mean magnitude, direction, and polarity for that time period

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12
Q

P vector initial

A

(AIR) anteriorly, inferiorly, rigtward

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13
Q

P vector mean

A

(AIL)Anteriorly, inferiorly, leftward

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14
Q

P vector terminal

A

Posteriorly, inferiorly, leftward

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15
Q

QRS vector initial

A

Anteriorly, inferiorly, rightward

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16
Q

QRS vector

A

Posteriorly, inferiorly, leftward

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17
Q

QRS vector terminal

A

Posteriorly or anteriorly, inferiorly or superiorly, leftward or rightward

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18
Q

T vector

A

Posteriorly, inferiorly, leftward

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19
Q

Cancellation effects

A

90% of the vectors during cardiac depolarization and repolarization are directed in opposite directions

20
Q

Plane of view by limb leads

A

Frontal plane

21
Q

Plane of view for chest leads

A

Horizontal or transverse plane

22
Q

Bipolar limb leads

A

Diff of electrical potential between two sites, Leads I-III

23
Q

Lead I

A

+ left arm, - right arm

24
Q

Lead II

A

+left leg, - right arm

25
Q

Lead III

A

+left leg, - right arm

26
Q

Einthoven triangle

A

Apices: shoulders and pubic region
Central battery: heart

Triaxial reference figure of Bayley

27
Q

Unipolar limb leads

A

Potentials are compared to 0 and not to another potential

28
Q

Lead aVR

A

Right arm

29
Q

Lead aVL

A

Left arm

30
Q

Lead aVF

A

Left foot

31
Q

Hexaxial reference figure

A

Incorporation of axes of all limb leads

32
Q

V1 and V2

A

Anterior; facing epicardial surface of right ventricle

33
Q

V3 and V4

A

Septal; transition zone

34
Q

V5 and V6

A

Faces the epicardial surface of left ventricle; lateral

35
Q

Electrographic paper horizontal lines

A

Time; 1mm = 0.04 sec

36
Q

Electrographic paper vertical lines

A

Voltage; 10mm = 1mV

37
Q

Recording speed of electrocardiograph

A

25mm per second

38
Q

P wave

A

<0.10 sec; amp = 2-3mm

39
Q

T wave

A

<5mm for limb leads
<10mm for chest leads

0.10-0.25 sec

40
Q

U wave occurence

A

Sinus bradycardia, hypokalemia, quinidine therapy

41
Q

PR interval

A

0.12-0.2 sec; prolonged in AV block

42
Q

QRS interval

A

<0.10 sec for limb leads

<0.11 sec for chest leads

43
Q

QT interval

A

Ventriclular electric systole; 0.28-0.45seconds

44
Q

ECG provides insights on

A

Anatomic orientation of the heart
Relative sizes of cardiac chambere
Variety of disturbances of rhythm and conduction
Extent, location, and progress of ischemic changes to myocardium
Effects of altered electrolyte concentrations and influence of certain drugs

45
Q

The ff should be examined in an ECG

A

Rhythm, Rate,P wave, QRS complex, T wave, PR interval, QRS interval, ST segment, Mean elctrical axis

46
Q

Left axis deviation

A

If axis < -30 degrees

Occurs in short stocky people and in left ventricular hypertrophy

47
Q

Right axis deviation

A

> +90 degrees

Occurs in tall and thin people and in Right ventricular hypertrophy

Physiology (6 decks)

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