ELECTROCARDIOGRAM Flashcards
Is a graphic recording of the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiogram or ECG
electrocardiogram Converts the heart’s electrical activity into lines called “___
waveforms
importance of electrocardiogram
§ verify these alterations in heart rhythm
§ provides information about the specific type of heart disease
§ provides information about which region in the heart is affected.
reasons why ecg is done
§ If the patient had heart disease in the past.
§ If the patient has a medical condition that predisposes to heart disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, or inflammatory disease.
§ If the patient has other significant risk factors for cardiac disease.
§ An ECG is also required prior to any type of heart surgery.
indications
§ heart arrhythmias
§ conduction abnormalities
§ Myocardial infarction
§ CAD
§ hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
§ signs of congenital electrical abnormalities
§ electrolyte imbalances
§ congenital heart defects
§ infections involving the heart
risk and contraindications
no risk
preparation
no prep needed
Pre-Test- Once in position, a total of how many electrodes are attached with a sticky, but
easy-to-remove adhesive.
ten electrodes
where does electrode are attached
one each arm and leg, six in chest
responsibilities of ecg technicians
- The technicians should remind the patients to lie flat and relaxed as possible
- Remind the patient not to wear jewelries/metal during ECG.
- Check the machine for proper standardization.
- Check if the machine is properly grounded.
- The technicians should ensure correct placement of leads while taking ECG.
ecg equipment
are applied at specific locations on the patients chest wall and extremities to virw the heart’s electrical activity from differnt angles and planes
electrodes
two type of lead wires or cable connections
clip or snap
is a graph paper used to measure rates of impulse formation and the duration of teh elctrical events that occur in the heart
ecg paper
made up of vertical and horizontal lines which form large and small boxes
ecg paper
the ecg is made up of how many charactristics views of the heart
12 characteristics views
12 charac views is divided into
6 in limbs
6 in chest
3 Bipolar limb leads
(Standard limb leads)- I, II, III
3 Unipolar Augmented leads
(aVR, aVL, aVF)
3 Unipolar Augmented leads is obtained through 4 electrodes placed on the
RA,RL,LA,LL
what are the 6 chest leads
v1 - v6
Electrode positioned in the 4 th intercostal space in the right sternal border
v1
4 th ICS in the left sternal border
v2
Midway between V2 and V4
v3
5 th ICS in the left midclavicular line
v4
Same level as V4, anterior axillary line
v5
Same level as V4 and V5 ,midaxillary line
v6
pepresents atrial contraction
p wave
represents ventricular depolarization
qrs complex
qrs complex is composed of 3 waves
Q wave is the first negative deflection.
R wave is the first positive deflection after the P wave.
S wave is the negative deflection following R wave.
Measured from the beginning of P wave to the beginning of QRS complex.
pr interval
The normal PR interval is ___, represented by 3-5 small squares
0.12 - 0.2 sec
an isoelectric line representing early ventricular repolarization
st segment
represents ventricular repolarization
t wave
results from slow repolarization of ventricular Purkinje fibers
u wave
represents total time required for ventricular depolarization & repolarizatio
qt interval
from the beginning of QRS complex to the end of T wave
qt interval
normal QT interval is___
0.36 to 0.45 sec
