ECHOCARDIOGRAM Flashcards
Echocardiography utilizes ___ to produce images of the heart
and vascular structures and to provide information about the
direction and velocity of blood flow within these structures.
ultrasound
___ refers to sound waves with a frequency well beyond the
range of human hearing.
Ultrasound
5 basic component of the ultrasound scanner
pulse generator
transducer
receiver
display
memory
it applues high amplitude voltage to energize the crystals
pulse generator
converts electrical sigenergy to mechanical energy or vice versa
transducer
detects and amplifies weak signal
receiver
display ultrasound signals in a variety of modes
display
stores video display
memory
importance of echocardiogram
- Assess the overall function of the heart.
- Determine the presence of many types of heart diseases.
- Follow the progress of valve disease over time
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the medical or surgical treatments
Indications
- Changes in the heart size
- Pumping strength
- Damage to the heart muscle
- Valve problems
- Heart defects
Risk/ Contraindications
.
- No risks are involved in a standard transthoracic echocardiogram
- In a transesophageal echocardiogram, the patient’s throat may sore
for a few hours after the procedure.
Preparations:
No special preparations are necessary for a standard transthoracic
echocardiogram.
- In transesophageal echocardiogram, the patient will be asked not to
eat for several hours beforehand.
Transthoracic Echocardiogram
The technician will attach sticky
patches (___) to the
patient’s body
electrodes
Transthoracic Echocardiogram
The technician will also apply a ___
to the transducer that improves
the conduction of sound waves
gel
The technician will move the
____ back and forth over the
chest to record images of sound-
wave echoes from the heart
transducer
Echo Techniques
M-mode echocardiography
Doppler echocardiography
Color Doppler
2-D (two-dimensional)
Echocardiograhy
3-D (three-dimensional)
Echocardiography
It is useful for measuring or
viewing heart structures, such as
the heart’s pumping chambers,
the size of the heart itself, and
the thickness of the heart walls.
M-mode echocardiography
t is used to measure and assess
the flow of blood through the
heart’s chambers and valves.
- It can also detect abnormal
blood flow within the heart
Doppler echocardiography
The different colors are used to
designate the direction of blood
flow
Color Doppler
This technique is used to “see”
the actual motion of the heart
structures.
2-D (two-dimensional)
Echocardiograhy
t captures three-dimensional
views of the heart structures
with greater detail than 2-D
echo
3-D (three-dimensional)
Echocardiography
___ shows enhanced views
of the heart’s anatomy
3-D echo
- standard echocardiogram
Transthoracic Echocardiogram
A hand-held device called a transducer is placed on the chest and
transmits high frequency sound waves (ultrasound).
Transthoracic Echocardiogram
what are the echo windows or the standard position
suprapasternal
apical
parasternal
subcostal
This test requires that the
transducer be inserted down the
throat into the esophagus
Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)
___ provides superior image
quality, particularly for posterior
cardiac structures which are
nearer to the esophagus and less
well visualized on transthoracic
echocardiography.
Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)
It is performed while the person
exercises on a treadmill or
stationary bicycle
Stress Echocardiogram
o visualize the motion of the
heart’s walls and pumping action
when the heart is stressed.
Stress Echocardiogram
A form of echocardiography
performed during cardiac
catheterization
Intravascular Ultrasound
It is used to provide detailed
information about the
atherosclerosis
Intravascular Ultrasound
It is used to diagnose cardiac
conditions in the fetal stage.
Fetal Echocardiography
