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ELECTRIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

This refers to the part of the control system to be controlled or monitored, it can also be referred to as a process.

A

PLANT

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2
Q

Certain books refer to this term as (the controlled output CO) and is defined as the signal of interest, the desired result to be obtained from the system.

A

OUTPUT

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3
Q

A physical interconnection of devices that influences the behavior of other devices or systems.

A

ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM

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4
Q

A physical interconnection of devices that influences the behavior of other devices or systems.

A

ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM

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5
Q

This can either be a device inside the system or outside the system which regulates the plant or the process. –

A

CONTROLLER

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6
Q

This is the signal injected into the system from an external energy source. It is majorly referred to as the reference input.

A

– INPUT

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7
Q

This can be seen as an alien symbol, which can be generated either externally or internally that affects the system in a negative manner. –

A

DISTURBANCE

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8
Q

System where one in which the output does not feedback to the input to correct variations.

A

– OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

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9
Q

System where one in which the output has an effect upon the input to maintain a desired output value. –

A

CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

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10
Q

Types of control where the system uses no automatic controls, the link is provided by the human operator. –

A

MANUAL CONTROL

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11
Q

Types of control where the sequence of operations is carried out automatically after being started by a human operator. –

A

SEMI-AUTOMATIC CONTROL

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12
Q

Types of control where the human operator is replaced by a controller which monitors the system in comparison with a desired value, using feedback loops to take corrective action if necessary. –

A

AUTOMATIC CONTROL

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13
Q

Types of control where a level, hand wheel or other attachment fixed on the unit ‘locally’ is used as a means of alteration and control.

A

– LOCAL CONTROL

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14
Q

Types of control where the regulating unit is connected to an actuating device mounted some distance away by means of power transmission through electrical linkages.

A

– REMOTE CONTROL

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15
Q

Types of control where the regulating unit can occupy only one of the two available positions of ‘on’ or ‘off’. –

A

ON/OFF CONTROL

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16
Q

Types of control where more than two positions can be occupied by the regulating unit but the action occurs in steps rather than being continuous. –

A

STEP-BY-STEP CONTROL

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17
Q

Factor in selecting electric motor where electricity may be direct current (d.c) or alternating (a.c). It may be one of the several voltages. –

A

TYPE OF ELECTRIC POWER AVAILABLE

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18
Q

Part of a motor where is consists of a slotted core, made up of thin sections of a special soft steel, exercise pet squirrels –

A

ROTOR

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19
Q

Part of a motor where is consists of a slotted core also made of special laminated steel. Insulated copper wire is wound in the slots in such a way as to form one or more pairs of definite magnetic poles. –

A

STATOR

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20
Q

type of motor where motor consists of a squirrel-cage rotor and a stator in which are found two different sets of windings. –

A

SPLIT-PHASE

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21
Q

A Type of motor where motor will operate an either direct or alternating current of the correct voltage –

A

UNIVERSAL MOTORS

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22
Q

A Type of motor where the direction of rotation of a determined by the way the three line wires are connected to the motor. Interchanging the connections of any two line leads will cause the motor to rotate in the opposite direction, so reversing is a very simple process. –

A

THREE-PHASE MOTORS

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23
Q

A Characteristic of a Good Electrical System where there are grounding, proper size of conductors and ratings of circuit breakers. –

A

SAFE

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24
Q

A Characteristic of a Good Electrical System where the design is ready for future expansion. –

A

EXPANDABLE

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25
Q

A Characteristic of a Good Electrical System where the one that fulfills its needs at the least expense over the lifetime of the system. –

A

EFFICIENT

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26
Q

Type of grounding where it can be a grounding electrode or any conductive material connected directly or indirectly to earth –

A

EQUIPMENT GROUNDING

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27
Q

Type of grounding where the main function is to prevent electric shock to persons or animals coming in contact with metallic objects, which themselves have come in contact with a hot conductor due to some electric fault –

A

EQUIPMENT GROUNDING

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28
Q

electrons at the outermost shell, farthest from the nucleus

A

valence electrons

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29
Q

rate of charge flow past a given point in an electric circuit

A

current

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30
Q

the work required to move a unit charge from one location to another

A

voltage

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31
Q

the relative difficulty with which current can be transmitted in a material

A

resistance

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32
Q

most conductors ____ in resistance with an increase in temperature

A

increase

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33
Q

components are connected end-to-end in a line to form a single path for electrons to flow

A

series circuit

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34
Q

all components are connected between the same set of electrically common points

A

parallel circuit

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35
Q

AC stands for____

A

altenating current

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36
Q

this is the basic operating principle of an AC generator

A

alternator

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37
Q

has the ability to step voltage up or step voltage down from the powered coil to the unpowered coil

A

transformer

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38
Q

primary winding has more turns than the secondary

A

step-down transformer

39
Q

the primary winding has fewer turns than the secondary

A

step-up transformer

40
Q

when an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity over time, but does so in a very particular manner

A

AC waveforms

41
Q

____ is where two or more waveforms are out of step with each other

A

phase shift

42
Q

is defined as one waveform that is ahead of another in its evolution

A

leading waveform

43
Q

is a mathematical quantity representing 2 dimensions of magnitude and direction

A

complex number

44
Q

is a graphical representation of a complex number

45
Q

is used in electrical applications where the angle of the vector represents phase shift between waveforms

46
Q

length of a vector represents the ____ of the wave

47
Q

angle of a vector represents the ____ of the wave

A

phase angle

48
Q

is the opposition that an inductor offers to alternating current due to its phase-shifted storage and release of energy in its magnetic field

A

inductive reactance

49
Q

SORI SA MGA TYPO MGA MADIIII

50
Q

the total measure of opposition to electric current and is the complex (vector) sum of (real) resistance and (imaginary) reactance

51
Q

power dissipated by a load

A

true power

52
Q

power merely absorbed and returned in load due to its reactive properties is referred to as ___

A

reactive power

53
Q

total power in an AC circuit, both dissipated and absorbed/returned

A

apparent power

54
Q
  • 2000 years ago, they realized you could create a charge by rubbing two things
  • discovered electric charges
A

ancient greeks

55
Q

is simply the flow of electrons from one place to another

A

electricity

56
Q

moves very easily through metal wire

57
Q

works by producing mechanical energy using an engine, which can be powered using a variety of fuel option such as diesel

58
Q

used to create mechanical energy

59
Q

created the electrical output form the engine generated mechanical energy

A

alternator (genhead)

60
Q

is a piece of portable equipment, consisting of an engine and an alternator/electric generator, used to provide energy

A

generator set (genset)

61
Q

a combination of prime over, and an alternator

62
Q

converts the chemical energy of a fuel to mechanical energy

63
Q

uses the sun energy to either boil water or directly converts solar energy to electrical energy

64
Q

solid-state devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity

A

Photovoltaic (PV) Modules

65
Q

building blocks of PV modules made of semiconductor materials

66
Q

when light strikes a PV cell, it imparts energy to some electrons to free them

67
Q

adding atoms with different number of electrons to create an unbalanced number of electrons to the base material

68
Q

commonly termed as wind turbines or windmills

A

wind machines

69
Q
  • rotor axis of rotation is in line with the prevailing wind direction
  • also called directional windmill type
A

horizontal axis turbines

70
Q

continuously orients the rotor in the direction of the wind (yawing)

A

yaw control

71
Q

the turbine, the electrical generator, and the entire system is designed to withstand the extreme speed under gusty wind

A

no speed control

72
Q

the rotor axis is shifted out of the wind direction when the wind speed exceeds the design limit

A

yaw and tilt control

73
Q

changes the pitch of the blade with the changing wind speed to regulate the rotor speed (PITCHING)

A

pitch control

74
Q

when the wind speed exceeds the safe limit on the system, the blades are shifted into a position such that they stall

A

stall control

75
Q

has lower heat value but has higher octane rating than gasoline (higher engine efficiency with higher compression ratio)

76
Q

–synthesizes from biomass pyrolysis gas
–can also be processed from natural gas
–can be used as an alternative fuel to gasoline

77
Q

is used to convert the wave motion into power

A

wave power device

78
Q

national highway of electricity delivery

A

transmission

79
Q

a form of radiant energy from natural sources and artificial sources

80
Q

application of light to illuminate objects, surfaces, scenes, pictures

81
Q

rays of light enter the eye through __

82
Q

a measure of how much flux is emitted within a small conical angle in the direction of the surface

A

luminous intensity

83
Q

a physical interconnection of devices that influences the behavior of other devices or systems

A

electrical control system

84
Q

is the ‘cause’ of the change in the process or system operation

A

input signal

85
Q

is the ‘effect’, the consequence of the cause

A

output signal

86
Q

Is ensured by the insulation of all life parts to prevent from a direct contact

A

basic protection

87
Q

Is ensured by simply placing electrical circuits and installations out of reach and by prevention of direct contact through enclosures, barriers or covers and housing.

A

direct protection

88
Q

use to house the overcurrent devices

A

panel board

89
Q

are installed in series with the hot conductors and are designed to open the circuit if a specified current level is exceeded

A

Overcurrent protective devices

90
Q

overcurrent devices of which a portion is destroyed when interrupting the circuit

91
Q

allow higher temporary overcurrent during motor starting

A

time-delay fuse

92
Q

device designed to open a circuit automatically at a predetermined overload current without damage to itself

A

circuit breaker

93
Q

–connecting directly or indirectly to earth
–main fxn: safety

COMPETENCY (3 decks)

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