ELECTRIFICATION Flashcards by Blessed Angela Lascuña

This refers to the part of the control system to be controlled or monitored, it can also be referred to as a process.

PLANT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Certain books refer to this term as (the controlled output CO) and is defined as the signal of interest, the desired result to be obtained from the system.

OUTPUT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A physical interconnection of devices that influences the behavior of other devices or systems.

ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A physical interconnection of devices that influences the behavior of other devices or systems.

ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This can either be a device inside the system or outside the system which regulates the plant or the process. –

CONTROLLER

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the signal injected into the system from an external energy source. It is majorly referred to as the reference input.

– INPUT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This can be seen as an alien symbol, which can be generated either externally or internally that affects the system in a negative manner. –

DISTURBANCE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

System where one in which the output does not feedback to the input to correct variations.

– OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

System where one in which the output has an effect upon the input to maintain a desired output value. –

CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of control where the system uses no automatic controls, the link is provided by the human operator. –

MANUAL CONTROL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of control where the sequence of operations is carried out automatically after being started by a human operator. –

SEMI-AUTOMATIC CONTROL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of control where the human operator is replaced by a controller which monitors the system in comparison with a desired value, using feedback loops to take corrective action if necessary. –

AUTOMATIC CONTROL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of control where a level, hand wheel or other attachment fixed on the unit ‘locally’ is used as a means of alteration and control.

– LOCAL CONTROL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of control where the regulating unit is connected to an actuating device mounted some distance away by means of power transmission through electrical linkages.

– REMOTE CONTROL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of control where the regulating unit can occupy only one of the two available positions of ‘on’ or ‘off’. –

ON/OFF CONTROL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of control where more than two positions can be occupied by the regulating unit but the action occurs in steps rather than being continuous. –

STEP-BY-STEP CONTROL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Factor in selecting electric motor where electricity may be direct current (d.c) or alternating (a.c). It may be one of the several voltages. –

TYPE OF ELECTRIC POWER AVAILABLE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of a motor where is consists of a slotted core, made up of thin sections of a special soft steel, exercise pet squirrels –

ROTOR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of a motor where is consists of a slotted core also made of special laminated steel. Insulated copper wire is wound in the slots in such a way as to form one or more pairs of definite magnetic poles. –

STATOR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

type of motor where motor consists of a squirrel-cage rotor and a stator in which are found two different sets of windings. –

SPLIT-PHASE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A Type of motor where motor will operate an either direct or alternating current of the correct voltage –

UNIVERSAL MOTORS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A Type of motor where the direction of rotation of a determined by the way the three line wires are connected to the motor. Interchanging the connections of any two line leads will cause the motor to rotate in the opposite direction, so reversing is a very simple process. –

THREE-PHASE MOTORS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A Characteristic of a Good Electrical System where there are grounding, proper size of conductors and ratings of circuit breakers. –

SAFE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A Characteristic of a Good Electrical System where the design is ready for future expansion. –

EXPANDABLE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A Characteristic of a Good Electrical System where the one that fulfills its needs at the least expense over the lifetime of the system. –

EFFICIENT

Type of grounding where it can be a grounding electrode or any conductive material connected directly or indirectly to earth –

EQUIPMENT GROUNDING

Type of grounding where the main function is to prevent electric shock to persons or animals coming in contact with metallic objects, which themselves have come in contact with a hot conductor due to some electric fault –

EQUIPMENT GROUNDING

electrons at the outermost shell, farthest from the nucleus

valence electrons

rate of charge flow past a given point in an electric circuit

current

the work required to move a unit charge from one location to another

voltage

the relative difficulty with which current can be transmitted in a material

resistance

most conductors ____ in resistance with an increase in temperature

increase

components are connected end-to-end in a line to form a single path for electrons to flow

series circuit

all components are connected between the same set of electrically common points

parallel circuit

AC stands for____

altenating current

this is the basic operating principle of an AC generator

alternator

has the ability to step voltage up or step voltage down from the powered coil to the unpowered coil

transformer

primary winding has more turns than the secondary

step-down transformer

the primary winding has fewer turns than the secondary

step-up transformer

when an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity over time, but does so in a very particular manner

AC waveforms

____ is where two or more waveforms are out of step with each other

phase shift

is defined as one waveform that is ahead of another in its evolution

leading waveform

is a mathematical quantity representing 2 dimensions of magnitude and direction

complex number

is a graphical representation of a complex number

vector

is used in electrical applications where the angle of the vector represents phase shift between waveforms

phasor

length of a vector represents the ____ of the wave

amplitude

angle of a vector represents the ____ of the wave

phase angle

is the opposition that an inductor offers to alternating current due to its phase-shifted storage and release of energy in its magnetic field

inductive reactance

SORI SA MGA TYPO MGA MADIIII

AMEN

the total measure of opposition to electric current and is the complex (vector) sum of (real) resistance and (imaginary) reactance

impedance

power dissipated by a load

true power

power merely absorbed and returned in load due to its reactive properties is referred to as ___

reactive power

total power in an AC circuit, both dissipated and absorbed/returned

apparent power

- 2000 years ago, they realized you could create a charge by rubbing two things - discovered electric charges

ancient greeks

is simply the flow of electrons from one place to another

electricity

moves very easily through metal wire

electron

works by producing mechanical energy using an engine, which can be powered using a variety of fuel option such as diesel

generator

used to create mechanical energy

engine

created the electrical output form the engine generated mechanical energy

alternator (genhead)

is a piece of portable equipment, consisting of an engine and an alternator/electric generator, used to provide energy

generator set (genset)

a combination of prime over, and an alternator

genset

converts the chemical energy of a fuel to mechanical energy

engine

uses the sun energy to either boil water or directly converts solar energy to electrical energy

solar

solid-state devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity

Photovoltaic (PV) Modules

building blocks of PV modules made of semiconductor materials

PV cells

when light strikes a PV cell, it imparts energy to some electrons to free them

PV effect

adding atoms with different number of electrons to create an unbalanced number of electrons to the base material

doping

commonly termed as wind turbines or windmills

wind machines

- rotor axis of rotation is in line with the prevailing wind direction - also called directional windmill type

horizontal axis turbines

continuously orients the rotor in the direction of the wind (yawing)

yaw control

the turbine, the electrical generator, and the entire system is designed to withstand the extreme speed under gusty wind

no speed control

the rotor axis is shifted out of the wind direction when the wind speed exceeds the design limit

yaw and tilt control

changes the pitch of the blade with the changing wind speed to regulate the rotor speed (PITCHING)

pitch control

when the wind speed exceeds the safe limit on the system, the blades are shifted into a position such that they stall

stall control

has lower heat value but has higher octane rating than gasoline (higher engine efficiency with higher compression ratio)

ethanol

–synthesizes from biomass pyrolysis gas –can also be processed from natural gas –can be used as an alternative fuel to gasoline

methanol

is used to convert the wave motion into power

wave power device

national highway of electricity delivery

transmission

a form of radiant energy from natural sources and artificial sources

light

application of light to illuminate objects, surfaces, scenes, pictures

lighting

rays of light enter the eye through __

cornea

a measure of how much flux is emitted within a small conical angle in the direction of the surface

luminous intensity

a physical interconnection of devices that influences the behavior of other devices or systems

electrical control system

is the ‘cause’ of the change in the process or system operation

input signal

is the ‘effect’, the consequence of the cause

output signal

Is ensured by the insulation of all life parts to prevent from a direct contact

basic protection

Is ensured by simply placing electrical circuits and installations out of reach and by prevention of direct contact through enclosures, barriers or covers and housing.

direct protection

use to house the overcurrent devices

panel board

are installed in series with the hot conductors and are designed to open the circuit if a specified current level is exceeded

Overcurrent protective devices

overcurrent devices of which a portion is destroyed when interrupting the circuit

fuses

allow higher temporary overcurrent during motor starting

time-delay fuse

device designed to open a circuit automatically at a predetermined overload current without damage to itself

circuit breaker

–connecting directly or indirectly to earth –main fxn: safety

grounding