Electricuity Flashcards by kzeia enriquez

________ is supplied to the X-ray imaging
system to be converted into electromagnetic
energy

Electric energy

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It is sometimes used to mean “electrical”.

Electricity

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Electricity is the presence and flow (movement) of?

of charge.

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It is the set of phenomena associated with the presence and
motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.

Electricity

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It is the basic property of matter carries by some elementary
particles

Electric charge

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Two types of electric charge

positive and negative

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are the smallest units of electric charge

electrons and protons

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Like charges___, and unlike charges_____

repel and attract

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What is the unit of charge?

Coulomb

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The unit of charge is named after?

Charles Augustin de Coulomb (eminent
French Physicist)

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1 coulomb = ?

6.24x10^18 electron charges

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6.24x10^18 is equal to?

1 coulomb

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The smallest unit of “free” charge known in nature is the charge of an _____ which has a magnitude of 1.602 x 10-19 C

electron or proton

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magnitude of electron and proton

1.602 x 10^-19

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Electric charges associated with electrons and protons have the same
magnitude but _____

opposite signs

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law that states that “the electrical force
between two charged objects is
directly proportional to the product of
the quantity of charge on the objects
and inversely proportional to the
square of the separation distance
between the two objects”

Coulomb’s Law

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Coulomb constant

9 x 10 ^9 Nm^2/C^2

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a force that acts at a distance,
even when objects are not in contact
with one another

electrostatic force

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provides a convenient graphical presentation of
the electric field in space

Electric field lines

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The direction of the field
lines is radially_____ for
a positive charge

outward

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The d i r e c t i o n o f t h e field
lines is radially____ for a
negative charge

inward

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Three Ways for a Neutral Object to be Charged

Friction
Conduction
Induction

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Occurs when two different
materials rub against each other
causing the transfer of electrons

Friction

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is the opposing force
which acts in the opposite
direction of the movement of the
upper body

Friction

Occurs when a neutral object is placed in contact with an already- charged object

Conduction

a charged object is brought near but not touched to a neutral conducting object.

induction

Four (4) Electric States of Matter

• Superconductor • Conductor • Semiconductor • Insulator

No resistance to electron flow, no electric potential required, and must be very cold

Superconductor

The critical temperature usually between absolute zero and 10 Kelvin

(-273 Celsius and -263 Celsius or as high as 125 Kelvin (-148 Celsius)

are used in machines for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in hospitals and in the orientation of the beam of a particle accelerator.

Superconductor

is a substance in which electrical charge carriers (usually electrons), move easily from atom to atom with the application of voltage

Conductor

examples of conductor

copper aluminum

• It is a material that does not conduct electrical current

insulator

examples of insulators

paper, plastic, rubber, and glass

A solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals

SemiConductor

Devices made of semiconductors, notably_____, are essential components of most electronic circuits.

silicon

• It is defined as the electric potential energy, U , per unit charge

Electric Potential

• Sometimes referred to as the voltage

Electric potential

• The higher the voltage, the greater the ____

potential to do work

• It is an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts

voltage

• It is an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts

The Volt unit is named after

Alessandro Volta

an Italian physicist who invented an electric battery

Alessandro Volta

• 1 V =

1 J/C

• It is the rate of flow of electrons in a wire.

Electric current

SI Unit of voltage

volts

SI Unit of electric current

Ampere (A)

Electric current -SI Unit is Ampere (A) which was named after

Andre Marie Ampere

1 A is the flow of electric charge across a surface at the rate of

1 C/s

It is a measure of opposition to the flow of electric current

Electric resistance

SI unit of Electric resistance

Ohm (Ω)

Electric resistance-The SI unit is Ohm (Ω), named after a German physicist and mathematician,

Georg Simon Ohm

“The amount of electric current through a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance”

Ohm’s Law

is a measure of energy per unit time.

Power

gives the rate of energy consumption or production.

Power

The units for power are generally

watts (W).

The amount of electrical energy transferred to a device depends on its _____ and the ____.

its power and the length of time it is switched on.

Electric energy is measured in

kilowatt-hours, kWh