Electricity Part 2 Flashcards
______ is a measure of the pressure gradient in a fluid required to cause a change in flow-rate with time.
Inertance
(inertness: related to mass)
There are very few series capacitance in physiological states.
True or false?
True
_____ ____ is a series and parallel combination of resistances, or impedances, that allows a variation in one of the impedances to alter the “balance” of the circuit and produce a non-zero voltage when than voltage is measured between particular elements of that “unit”.
Wheatstone bridge
Capacitance = (equation)
- change in electric charge in a system
- voltage
,equal to
C = ►V/►P
A conductor, i.e. a wire, within a changing magnetic field has a voltage (an EMF), and therefore a current,
induced within the conductor. This is Faraday’s Law. True or false?
true
Current in battery flows _______ to inductor current.
oppositely
What tends to try to:
- prevent changes in total current
- responds by trying to resist change in the current pattern of the system
- like a big rock on the ground, rock is not moving but resists movement
- acts like mass in the arterial system
- once moving, less resistance like blood
inductors
Blood behaves like what type of circuit component and why?
Inductor because resists movement, and once moving there is less resistance.
Series inductance
Lt =
LT = L1+L2+L3
like series resistors
Parallel inductance
LT
like resistors
Venous valves behave as ______.
diodes
The splanchnic circulation is composed of gastric, small intestinal, colonic, pancreatic, hepatic, and splenic circulations, arranged in ______ with one another.
parallel
“Compliance” is synonymous with ______.
capacitor
“Inertness” is synonymous with _____.
inductors
Most circulatory systems are parallel _______ systems.
inductor
Mathematical “logic” processors are: (3)
multiply
divide
integral
This is known as:
Guyton’s Circulatory Analogue
The brain is a _______ circuit.
parallel
If the brain has a clot in it, the resistor with the clot will face more resistance.
If the brain see higher pressures, all organ systems will see ________ pressures as a result.
increased
Remember: V=IR : P=QR and I=V/R : Q= P/R
Brain resistance > _____ resistance > _____ resistance.
kidney
liver
What organ system does this image depict and why?
Lungs because they act like a parallel combination of a flow device.
What portion of the graph depicts constant pressure?
Which depicts constant flow?
black
red
When inductors are connected in ______, their overal inductance (inertance for fluids) is reduced thereby requiring less energy input to produce current (blood) flow.
parallel
Use the ____ operator if and only if two or more input signals are at specific levels will the output signal be generated.
AND
Since capacitors and inductors can store energy and return that energy to a circuit they will ____ the current in a circuit depending on their exact state of energy utilization at any given instant of time.
impede
A capacitor impedes current only after it has been exposed to the voltage and current for a long time. True or false?
An inductor produces ______ impediment to current flow the instant it is exposed to the voltage and current.
true
maximum
What components of a circuit produces a time dependence, therefore a time constant? (2)
conductor
inductor
The inductive and conductive have this type of curve associated to their time constants.
exponential time curve
An inductor will exhibit a ____ impediment to current flow when the applied voltage signal varies rapidly.
greatest
The time dependent impediment (resistance) to current flow provided by capacitors and inductors is termed ______.
Note: the resistance to currently flow provided by resistors has no time dependence and is simply termed resistance.
reactance
Capacitive reactance (Xc) =
Xc = 1/fC
Capacitive reactance is greatest at high frequency and is least at low frequency. True or false?
false
low frequency is greatest reactance
high frequency is least reactance
Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency. True or false?
true
This reactance is greatest at high frequency (f) and is least at low frequencies.
inductive reactance
inductive reactance =
XL = fL
Frequency dependent resistance is also known as:
reactance
High frequency ventilation improves compliance. This is an example of ______ _______ because a high frequency signal, the capacitor responds by allowing current to flow with less opposition.
capacitor reactance
As frequency increases, reactance or resistance decreases
When given an infinite frequency input, the ______will present a maximum opposition to current flow.
inductor
An example of a high heart rate is an example of ______ reactance.
inductive
The frequency of an applied voltage signal in a circuit that contains both inductors and capacitors and at any given instant of time during the application of the input signal, the voltage at the capacitor may be at a max while the voltage across the inductor may be zero. Example of:
Heart beat and inertness of the blood and compliance of vasculature.
Heart rate is a time varying applied pressure system.
90º “phase” difference
There is never a phase angle induced by a resistance. True or false?
true
Impedance (Z) =
The sum of resistance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance taking the phase contribution ofeach into account is called _______.
Impedance
At certain frequencies, the inductive reactance (XL) and the capacitive reactance (Xc) will be equal and the overall impedance of thecircuit will be _____ to the resistance.
equal
A defibrillator contains a large ______ around 5k volts. The defibrillator also contains an _______ to stabilize into biphasic waveform.
capacitor
inductor
Since the voltage across a capacitor or inductor varies with the frequency of the input signal, we can use these elements and combinations of these elements to produce _____.
filters
EKG
Filters that can pass only high frequencies is a ___ ____ filter.
high pass
EKG
Filters that can pass only low frequencies is a ___ ____ filter.
low pass
The AHA indicates that a bandwidth (frequency range) of _____ - ____ Hz should be used to monitor and display a signal in order to have enough fidelity.
0.05 - 100
The AHA recommended frequency of 0.05 - 100 Hz is also known as a ____-____ filter.
band-pass
Another common filter is the ___-_____ filter which limits the system response near 60Hz in order to limit unwanted signal produced by electrical equipment in the environment.
band-reject, or notch filter
What is the equation for transformers?
- N = number of turns
- sec = secondary
- pri = primary
Power in the secondary cannot exceed the power in the ______.
primary
The amplitude a DC signal would need to be in order to provide the same average power = (0.707) peak amplitude.
If GA power provide 120V, then GA power is actually producing is: _______V
RMS Amplitude
about 160V 120V/0.707
