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Instrumentation Test 1 > Electricity Part 2 > Flashcards

Electricity Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

______ is a measure of the pressure gradient in a fluid required to cause a change in flow-rate with time.

A

Inertance

(inertness: related to mass)

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2
Q

There are very few series capacitance in physiological states.

True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

_____ ____ is a series and parallel combination of resistances, or impedances, that allows a variation in one of the impedances to alter the “balance” of the circuit and produce a non-zero voltage when than voltage is measured between particular elements of that “unit”.

A

Wheatstone bridge

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4
Q

Capacitance = (equation)

A
  • change in electric charge in a system
  • voltage

,equal to

C = ►V/►P

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5
Q

A conductor, i.e. a wire, within a changing magnetic field has a voltage (an EMF), and therefore a current,
induced within the conductor. This is Faraday’s Law. True or false?

A

true

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6
Q

Current in battery flows _______ to inductor current.

A

oppositely

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7
Q

What tends to try to:

  • prevent changes in total current
  • responds by trying to resist change in the current pattern of the system
  • like a big rock on the ground, rock is not moving but resists movement
  • acts like mass in the arterial system
  • once moving, less resistance like blood
A

inductors

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8
Q

Blood behaves like what type of circuit component and why?

A

Inductor because resists movement, and once moving there is less resistance.

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9
Q

Series inductance

Lt =

A

LT = L1+L2+L3

like series resistors

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10
Q

Parallel inductance

LT

A

like resistors

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11
Q

Venous valves behave as ______.

A

diodes

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12
Q

The splanchnic circulation is composed of gastric, small intestinal, colonic, pancreatic, hepatic, and splenic circulations, arranged in ______ with one another.

A

parallel

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13
Q

“Compliance” is synonymous with ______.

A

capacitor

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14
Q

“Inertness” is synonymous with _____.

A

inductors

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15
Q

Most circulatory systems are parallel _______ systems.

A

inductor

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16
Q

Mathematical “logic” processors are: (3)

A

multiply

divide

integral

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17
Q

This is known as:

A

Guyton’s Circulatory Analogue

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18
Q

The brain is a _______ circuit.

A

parallel

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19
Q

If the brain has a clot in it, the resistor with the clot will face more resistance.

If the brain see higher pressures, all organ systems will see ________ pressures as a result.

A

increased

Remember: V=IR : P=QR and I=V/R : Q= P/R

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20
Q

Brain resistance > _____ resistance > _____ resistance.

A

kidney

liver

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21
Q

What organ system does this image depict and why?

A

Lungs because they act like a parallel combination of a flow device.

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22
Q

What portion of the graph depicts constant pressure?

Which depicts constant flow?

A

black

red

23
Q

When inductors are connected in ______, their overal inductance (inertance for fluids) is reduced thereby requiring less energy input to produce current (blood) flow.

A

parallel

24
Q

Use the ____ operator if and only if two or more input signals are at specific levels will the output signal be generated.

A

AND

25
Q

Since capacitors and inductors can store energy and return that energy to a circuit they will ____ the current in a circuit depending on their exact state of energy utilization at any given instant of time.

A

impede

26
Q

A capacitor impedes current only after it has been exposed to the voltage and current for a long time. True or false?

An inductor produces ______ impediment to current flow the instant it is exposed to the voltage and current.

A

true

maximum

27
Q

What components of a circuit produces a time dependence, therefore a time constant? (2)

A

conductor

inductor

28
Q

The inductive and conductive have this type of curve associated to their time constants.

A

exponential time curve

29
Q

An inductor will exhibit a ____ impediment to current flow when the applied voltage signal varies rapidly.

A

greatest

30
Q

The time dependent impediment (resistance) to current flow provided by capacitors and inductors is termed ______.

Note: the resistance to currently flow provided by resistors has no time dependence and is simply termed resistance.

A

reactance

31
Q

Capacitive reactance (Xc) =

A

Xc = 1/fC

32
Q

Capacitive reactance is greatest at high frequency and is least at low frequency. True or false?

A

false

low frequency is greatest reactance

high frequency is least reactance

33
Q

Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency. True or false?

A

true

34
Q

This reactance is greatest at high frequency (f) and is least at low frequencies.

A

inductive reactance

35
Q

inductive reactance =

A

XL = fL

36
Q

Frequency dependent resistance is also known as:

A

reactance

37
Q

High frequency ventilation improves compliance. This is an example of ______ _______ because a high frequency signal, the capacitor responds by allowing current to flow with less opposition.

A

capacitor reactance

As frequency increases, reactance or resistance decreases

38
Q

When given an infinite frequency input, the ______will present a maximum opposition to current flow.

A

inductor

39
Q

An example of a high heart rate is an example of ______ reactance.

A

inductive

40
Q

The frequency of an applied voltage signal in a circuit that contains both inductors and capacitors and at any given instant of time during the application of the input signal, the voltage at the capacitor may be at a max while the voltage across the inductor may be zero. Example of:

Heart beat and inertness of the blood and compliance of vasculature.

Heart rate is a time varying applied pressure system.

A

90º “phase” difference

41
Q

There is never a phase angle induced by a resistance. True or false?

A

true

42
Q

Impedance (Z) =

A
43
Q

The sum of resistance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance taking the phase contribution ofeach into account is called _______.

A

Impedance

44
Q

At certain frequencies, the inductive reactance (XL) and the capacitive reactance (Xc) will be equal and the overall impedance of thecircuit will be _____ to the resistance.

A

equal

45
Q

A defibrillator contains a large ______ around 5k volts. The defibrillator also contains an _______ to stabilize into biphasic waveform.

A

capacitor

inductor

46
Q

Since the voltage across a capacitor or inductor varies with the frequency of the input signal, we can use these elements and combinations of these elements to produce _____.

A

filters

47
Q

EKG

Filters that can pass only high frequencies is a ___ ____ filter.

A

high pass

48
Q

EKG

Filters that can pass only low frequencies is a ___ ____ filter.

A

low pass

49
Q

The AHA indicates that a bandwidth (frequency range) of _____ - ____ Hz should be used to monitor and display a signal in order to have enough fidelity.

A

0.05 - 100

50
Q

The AHA recommended frequency of 0.05 - 100 Hz is also known as a ____-____ filter.

A

band-pass

51
Q

Another common filter is the ___-_____ filter which limits the system response near 60Hz in order to limit unwanted signal produced by electrical equipment in the environment.

A

band-reject, or notch filter

52
Q

What is the equation for transformers?

A
  • N = number of turns
  • sec = secondary
  • pri = primary
53
Q

Power in the secondary cannot exceed the power in the ______.

A

primary

54
Q

The amplitude a DC signal would need to be in order to provide the same average power = (0.707) peak amplitude.

If GA power provide 120V, then GA power is actually producing is: _______V

A

RMS Amplitude

about 160V 120V/0.707

Instrumentation Test 1 (4 decks)

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