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Science > Electricity, Magnatism Energy > Flashcards

Electricity, Magnatism Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Magnet

9/1/20

A

a piece of metal that attracts other materials.

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2
Q

Magnetic material

A

materials that are attracted to magnets e.g. iron, cobalt, nickel.

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3
Q

Alloy

A

a mixture of two metals. Steel contains iron and cobalt.

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4
Q

Poles

A

Magnetic force of attraction is strongest at both ends of a magnet. North and South pole. Like poles repel each other, unlike poles attract each other.

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5
Q

Magnetic field

A

the space around a magnet that exerts a force on magnets and magnetic materials.

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6
Q

Magnetic field lines

A

The directions of forces in a magnetic field are represented by magnetic field lines

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7
Q

Current electricity

A

a steady flow of charge through wires and circuits

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8
Q

Static electricity

A

electric charge collecting in one place and sometimes suddenly jumping from one place to another.

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9
Q

Charged particles

A

the parts of the atoms that allow for a charge to move e.g. electrons

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10
Q

Conductors

A

Allow charged particles to flow through them freely e.g. metals are good conductors.

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11
Q

Insulators

A

Do not allow charged particles to flow through them easily. E.g. rubber or plastic

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12
Q

Negative

A

an object that

has gained electrons

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13
Q

Positive

A

an object that has lost electrons

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14
Q

Lightning

A

Visible effect of static electricity.

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15
Q

Cumulonimbus clouds

A

THunderhead clouds that have positive charge on top, negative on bottom.

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16
Q

Discharge

A

A charge being released.

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17
Q

Lightning conductors

A

Poles that are placed on tall buildings to prevent damage by lightning.

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18
Q

Earthing

A

when electricity travels through an object into the ground

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19
Q

Components

A

objects in a circuit

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20
Q

Circuit diagram

A

drawings of components using symbols to recreate a circuit

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21
Q

Current

A

the rate of flow of charge per second

22
Q

Ammeter

A

used to measure current

23
Q

Potential difference

A

the difference in electrical potential from a high to a low point of energy.

24
Q

Voltage

A

another word fro potential difference

25
Q

Resistance

A

a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to pass through a substance

26
Q

Compass

A

a small magnetic that moves freely to show direction

27
Q

Work

A

work is done when a force moves an object. Energy is the ability to do work. The unit of energy is the joule (J).

28
Q

Thermal

A

Heat energy

29
Q

Chemical

A

Energy in fuels e.g. food, coal, oil.

30
Q

Light

A

Energy released when chemical energy and electrical energy are converted tro other forms. Used to make food in plants.

31
Q

Sound

A

When different energy e.g. kinetic energy is converted into energy that vibrates the air.

32
Q

Kinetic

A

Movement energy

33
Q

Potential

A

energy that an object has due to its shape or position.

34
Q

Nuclear

A

the energy holding atoms together. Can be used in power plants to generate heat that is converted to electrical energy.

35
Q

Magnetic

A

Attractive energy that brings e.g. iron to a magnet. Kinetic energy is involved as it moves toward the magnet.

36
Q

Electrical

A

THe energy contained in electrons that allow current to flow around a circuit.

37
Q

Law of Conservation of energy

A

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change from one form to another.

38
Q

Energy transfer diagram

A

shows the useful energy transfers taking place in a process.

39
Q

Useful energy transfers

A

Where energy is converted into a form that is useful to us e.g. electrical to heat or light.

40
Q

Waste

A

Where the energy is not useful to us e.g. the heat energy made by a light bulb is not normally useful

41
Q

Sankey diagram

A

show all the energy transfers taking place in a process. The thicker the arrow, the more energy there is involved in the process.

42
Q

Dissipated

A

Energy that is not useful that is lost to surroundings e.g. heat energy off a light bulb

43
Q

Efficiency

A

ideal scenario where as much energy is converted into a useful form as possible

44
Q

Power

A

The rate at which energy is transferred from one form to another. The unit is the Watt (W). Power is energy divided by time.

45
Q

Watts

A

unit of power

46
Q

Kilowatt-hour

A

1 kilowatt is 1000 watts

47
Q

Energy rating

A

A scale which shows how much energy a building uses.

48
Q

Direct Current

A

Current that goes in one direction only. The current from a battery.

49
Q

Alternating current

A

alternating current changes very quickly, many times a second

50
Q

AC can be converted to DC

A

using a rectifier and smoothed using a capacitor

Science (5 decks)

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