Electricity definitions: Flashcards
Ammeter
A device that measures the current in the loop of the circuit that it is
connected in series with. An ideal ammeter is modelled to have zero resistance.
Current
The rate of flow of charge in a circuit.
Electromotive Force
The amount of energy transferred by a source, to each unit
of charge that passes through it.
Internal Resistance
The resistance to the flow of charge within a source. Internal
resistance results in energy being dissipated within the source.
Light Dependent Resistor
A light sensitive semiconductor whose resistance
increases when light intensity decreases.
Ohmic Conductor
A conductor for which the current flow is directly proportional
to the potential difference across it, when under constant physical conditions.
Ohm’s Law
The current and potential difference through an ohmic conductor
held under constant physical conditions are directly proportional, with the constant
of proportionality being resistance.
Parallel Circuits
Components are said to be connected in parallel when they are
connected across each other (separate loops)
Potential Divider
A method of splitting a potential difference, by connecting two
resistors in series. The total potential difference is split in the ratio of their
resistances.
Resistance
A measure of how difficult it is for current to flow through a material.
Resistivity
A quantity that is proportional to an object’s resistance and
cross-sectional area, and inversely proportional to the object’s length.
Resistors in Parallel
The potential difference across resistors connected in
parallel is identical for each resistor. The current is split between the resistors. The
total resistance is equal to the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the
resistances of the resistors.
Resistors in Series
The current through resistors connected in series is identical
for each resistor. The potential difference is split in the ratio of their resistances.
The total resistance is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resistors.
Series Circuits
Components are said to be connected in series when they are
connected end to end (in one loop).
Superconductor
A material which has zero resistivity when the temperature is
decreased to, or below, the material’s critical temperature. Superconductors can
be used to produce strong magnetic fields and reduce energy loss when
transmitting electric power.
