Electricity Ch. 1 Flashcards
When amber was rubbed with some other materials, it became charged with a mysterious force. The charged amber attracted things such as…
dried leaves and wood shavings
Around the middle 1700s, Benjamin Franklin called the two types of electricity ______ and ______.
positive, negative
Scientists think that electricity is produced by very tiny particles called _______ and ______.
electrons, protons
______ is anything that has weight and occupies space.
Matter
_____ are the basic materials that make up all matter.
Elements
Table salt is made from what two compounds?
Sodium, chlorine
A molecule of water is two atoms of ______ and one atom of ______.
hydrogen, oxygen
An atom contains three subatomic particles named?
electrons, protons, and neutrons
If the atom of a(n) ______ is broke down any further, it would no longer exist in the particles that remain.
element
The number of ______ in the nucleus determines how one atom of an element differs from another.
protons
The nucleus of an atom contains both ______ and ______.
protons, neutrons
The proton is ______ the diameter of an electron, but it has almost ______ the mass of an electron. The proton is almost ______ heavier than the electron.
one-third, 1840 times, 1840 times
Charges on atoms are called?
ions
A positive ion contains ______ protons than electrons. A negative ion contains ______ protons than electrons.
more, less
______ charges repel. ______ charges attract.
like, unlike
The atoms of all known elements can have up to ______ shells
seven
______ is the lightest element with only one electrons.
Hydrogen
The second shell cannot hold more than ______ electrons.
eight
The outer shell of an atom, also know as the ______
valence shell
Atoms with only one valence electron make good ______.
conductors
Insulators are materials from which electrons are very…
difficult to free
Rubbing friction is supplied to the surface atoms of insulators such as glass and rubber, which can produce charges of static electricity. This is known as the ______.
triboelectric effect
Electricity can be produced by ______ and ______.
light, magnetism
A battery or ______ works on the principles of electrochemistry where chemicals(sulfuric acid and water) combine with certain metals to cause a chemical action that produces electric charges.
basic wet cell
______ is the name given to the effect of pressure in causing electric charges.
Piezoelectricity
______ is the method where heat is applied to the junction of two metals to provide more energy and more electrons to be freed.
thermoelectricity
The speed of light is ______ miles per second.
186,000
An electron leaves the ______ side of the battery for each electron that enters the ______ side.
negative, positive
When a conducting wire is put directly across the terminals of a battery or generator, a ______ is produced
short circuit
Electron current flows from low potential to high potential, or…
Between any difference in potential.
Electricity is the…
flow of electrons
Light can be produced by electricity without much heat, by such methods as…
fluorescence, phosphorescence, and electroluminescence
Any conductor that carries an electric current will act like a ______.
magnet
A magnet can be demagnetized by…
being struck hard, heat energy, and rapidly reversing the magnetic field.
A compass needle points to the ______.
north magnetic pole
The magnetic field of a magnet is made up of lines of force that go from…
North to south flux lines
A close wound solenoid will create a ______ magnetic field.
stronger
A ______ has an extra set of contacts to keep current flowing through the relay even after the main switch is released.
holding relay
A ______ operates similar to a relay except that the contacts are especially arranged so that the electromagnetic coil cannot stay energized continuously.
buzzer
If a commutator is not used, the current coming out of the generator will…
change direction as the loop turns creating an alternating current.
