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ELECTRONICS GENERAL > Electricity and Magnetism > Flashcards

Electricity and Magnetism Flashcards

1
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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2
Q

no two things can occupy the same space at the same time

A

Law of Impenetrability

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3
Q

a substance which cannot be reduced to a simpler substance by chemical means

A

Element

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4
Q

a substance that resulted when two or more elements chemically combine

A

Compound

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5
Q

a combination of non-chemically combined elements, can be separated through physical means

A

Mixture

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6
Q

smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element

A

Atom

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7
Q

composed of neutron and proton

A

nucleus

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8
Q

another name for proton and neutron

A

nucleon

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9
Q

charge of an up quark

A

+2/3

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10
Q

charge of a down quark

A

-1/3

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11
Q

what is the quark composition of proton?

A

2 Up
1 Down

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12
Q

what is the quark composition of electron?

A

3 Down

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13
Q

a chemical combination of two or more atoms. smallest unit of a compound

A

molecule

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14
Q

process by which an atom loses or gains an electron

A

Ionization

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15
Q

an atom that gained an electron

A

anion

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16
Q

an atom that lost an electron

A

cation

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17
Q

an electron removed from its valence shell due to the application of ionization energy

A

free electron

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18
Q

what are the classifications of materials based on electrical conductivity

A

conductor, semiconductor, insulator

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19
Q

what is in between the conduction and valence band?

A

forbidden band, band gap, energy gap

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20
Q

energy gap of conductors?

A

0eV

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21
Q

energy gap of semiconductors?

A

1eV

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22
Q

energy gap of insulators?

A

5eV

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23
Q

what is the conduction band?

A

the energy range that allows electron to roam freely within the material

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24
Q

what is the valence band?

A

the energy band where electrons do not have enough energy to detach and roam freely

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25
Q

what is the band gap?

A

the energy that an electron needs to detach itself from the atom to roam freely

from valence to conduction

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26
Q

how can a good conductor conduct current?

A

by having a single valence electron, since they only have a single valence electron, the energy needed to create a “flow” is small

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27
Q

a good semiconductor has how many valence electrons?

A

4 valence electrons

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28
Q

how can a good insulator prevent the flow of electrons?

A

insulators are materials that are almost stable, they have 7 valence electrons, 1 electron away from a stable valence of 8. This 7 makes them reactive, but since there are 7 valence electrons, more energy is required to start a flow with these materials as the medium.

they can still conduct, but at higher energies

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29
Q

refers to a set of physical phenomena that is associated with the presence of electric charge

A

Electricity

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30
Q

deals with phenomenon caused by the attraction and repulsion of stationary charge

A

Electrostatic

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31
Q

First law of Electrostatics

A

opposite charges attract, while similar charges repel each other

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32
Q

Second law of Electrostatics

A

Coulomb’s First Law - Electrostatic Force is directly proportional to Q1 and Q2

Coulomb’s Second Law - Electrostatic Force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the 2 charges

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33
Q

SI and CGS unit of Electrostatic Force

A

SI: Newton
CGS: Dyne

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34
Q

Newton to Dyne conversion

A

1N = 1x10^5 dynes

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35
Q

Charge to Electrostatic Unit

A

1C = 3x10^9 ESU

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36
Q

Force per unit of positive charge

can be felt by a stationary charge in a given location within the field

A

Electric field

37
Q

units of electric field

A

V/m, F/c, J/cm

38
Q

due to the ionization of an electron which has an unpredictable path

A

Random drift

39
Q

direction of migration of a free electron due to the potential difference

A

Directed Drift

40
Q

types of contact electrification

A

Frictional electrification (triboelectric effect), conduction electrification, induction electrification

41
Q

a type of contact electrification where some materials become electrically charged after they come into contact with another material through friction

A

frictional electrification or triboelectric effect

42
Q

electric charge on a material’s surface due to friction

A

static charge

43
Q

body can store ______ volts as you walk across a carpet

A

30,000

44
Q

resistance of resistors decreases as the frequency increases due to parasitic capacitances

A

Boella effect

45
Q

increase in resistance as frequency increases due to the ac current congested on the conductor’s surface

A

Skin effect

46
Q

expulsion of magnetic fields from superconductors as they are cooled down below a critical point

A

Meissner effect

47
Q

any directional movement of electric charges

A

Electric current

48
Q

energy needed to move a charge

A

Potential Difference

49
Q

current flowing through an area

A

Current Density

50
Q

property of a material to oppose or limit the flow of current or charge

A

Resistance

51
Q

factors that affect resistance

A
  • resistivity
  • length
  • area
  • temperature
52
Q

in conductors, resistance increases, when temperature _______. why?

A

increases, positive thermal coefficient

directly proportional
resistance increase as temp increases

53
Q

in semiconductors, resistance increases, when temperature _______. why?

A

decreases, negative thermal coefficient

indirectly proportional
resistance decrease as temperature increases

54
Q

room temperature in electronics

A

25 degrees Celsius

55
Q

best conductor

A

silver

56
Q

number-size relation ship in american wire gauge standard

A

lower the number, higher the cross sectional area

57
Q

ohm’s law states that?

A

current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance

58
Q

ability of a system to store energy through electric fields

A

capacitance

59
Q

ability of a system to store energy through magnetic field

A

inductance

60
Q

property of an electrical circuit to resist the change in voltage?

A

capacitance

61
Q

property of an electrical circuit to resist the change in current?

A

inductance

62
Q

reciprocal of capacitance? unit?

A

electance, daraf

63
Q

composed of two parallel plates with a dielectric in between

A

capacitor

64
Q

composed of wires coiled around a core like a solenoid

A

inductor

65
Q

factors that affect inductance?

A

number of turns
number of coil winding layers
permeability
length
cross sectional area

66
Q

property shared by neighboring inductors that either increases or decreases the total inductance of a circuit (inductors in a series)

A

mutual induction

67
Q

induced current is always _______ with the inducing current

A

opposite

68
Q

another name for induced current?

A

Eddy current

69
Q

phenomenon whereby a substance attracts pieces of iron

A

magnetism

70
Q

SI and CGS units of magnetomotive force

A

Ampere-turn
Gilberts

71
Q

SI and CGS units of magnetic field intensity

A

Ampere-turn per meter
Oersted

72
Q

SI and CGS units of magnetic flux

A

Weber
Maxwell

73
Q

SI and CGS units of magnetic flux density or magnetic field

A

Tesla
Gauss

74
Q

lagging effect in a material’s magnetic field and the magnetizing force that induced the magnetic field?

A

Hysteresis

75
Q

measure of the resistance of a ferromagnetic material to becoming demagnetized

A

Coercivity

76
Q

a measure of a material’s ability to retain a certain level of magnetization after an external magnetic field is removed

A

Retentivity

77
Q
A
78
Q

ability of a material to allow magnetic flux to flow through it

A

permeability

79
Q

ability of a material to allow electric field to flow through it

A

permittivity

80
Q

ability of a material to resist the flow of magnetic flux

A

reluctance

81
Q

types of magnetic materiala?

A

ferromagnetic
paramagnetic
diamagnetic

82
Q

type of magnetic material whose relative permeability is much greater than 1

A

ferromagnetic material

83
Q

type of magnetic material that has a weak magnetic attraction, relative permeability is slightly greater than 1

A

paramagnetic material

84
Q

type of magnetic material that has no net magnetic moment, permeability is slightly less than 1

A

diamagnetic material

85
Q

non-metals that exhibit magnetic properties

A

ferrimagnetic material

86
Q

field that focuses on the relationship between electricity and magnetism

A

electromagnetism

87
Q

faraday’s first law?

A

emf is induced whenever the magnetic field changes

88
Q

faraday’s second law?

A

emf in a coil is equal to the negative rate of change of the magnetic flux through the coil, multiplied by the number of turns (N) in the coil

89
Q

law which states that the induced current is always opposite of the inducing current

A

Lenz’ Law

ELECTRONICS GENERAL (3 decks)

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