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Physics N5 > Electricity and energy > Flashcards

Electricity and energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do conductors conduct electricity?

A

The conductor allows the electrons to move freely (for example, a conductive material is copper)

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2
Q

What is direct current?

A

Direct current is when the electrons always flow around the circuit in the same direction, form negative to positive.

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3
Q

What is alternating current?

A

Alternating current is when the charges are continuously reversing, moving backwards and forwards many times per second.

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4
Q

What is an electric current?

A

A region of space where charges experience an electrical force.

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4
Q

What is the frequency of A.C current in the UK?

A

50 Hz

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5
Q

What is 1 volt equal to?

A

1 Joule per Coulomb

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6
Q

What is current?

A

Current is the flow of negative charges called electrons in a circuit.

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7
Q

What is voltage?

A

The measure of electrical energy given to each coulomb in a circuit.

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8
Q

At what voltage does a NPN transistor switch on?

A

When the voltage is greater than 0.7v

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9
Q

At what voltage does a MOSFET switch on?

A

When the voltage is greater than 2v

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10
Q

What is pressure?

A

The force applied per unit of area

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11
Q

What is the UK mains supply

A

230V

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12
Q

What are the two different transistors?

A

NPN transistor and MOSFET transistor

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12
Q

How does an NPN transistor work?

A

By applying a voltage between the base and emitter, the transistor can be made to conduct through the emitter and collector. The voltage required to switch on the transistor is 0.7V or above. Potential divider circuits can often be used to achieve this in a variety of situations.

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13
Q

What is the unit of pressure?

A

Pascal (Pa)

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14
Q

Boyle’s law

A

the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume.

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14
Q

Gay-Lussacs’ law

A

the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.

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15
Q

Charle’s law

A

the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.

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16
Q

Specific latent heat of fusion

A

the energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid without changing the temperature

17
Q

Temperature

A

a measure of the mean kinetic energy (speed) of the particles in a substance

18
Q

Absolute zero

A

-273 degree Celsius

19
Q

What is resistance

A

Resistance is the measure of the current restricted. Resistance makes the current smaller.

20
Q

3A fuse

A

= under 720 W

21
Q

13A fuse

A

= over 720 W

22
Q

what is electrical power

A

Electrical Power is the energy transferred in a period of time in a circuit.

23
Q

when does a charged particle experience a force?

A

a charged particle experiences a force in an electric field

24
Q

Switch

A

A switch allows you to complete or break a circuit

24
Q

Lamp

A

A lamp lights when current flows through it, converting electric energy into light energy

25
Q

Thermistor

A

The resistance of a thermistor will decrease as the temperature increases

26
Q

Light dependant resistor (LDR)

A

Can be used to control a circuit. The resistance goes down as the light increases

27
Q

Ammeter

A

Must be placed in series to measure the current flowing in a circuit

28
Q

Light emitting diode (LED)

A

Emits light when a current flows but only allows current to flow in one direction. Requires less energy than a lamp

29
Q

Cell

A

Supplies electrical energy to a circuit, the longer line shows the positive side

30
Q

Battery

A

A battery of cells means 2 or more cells

31
Q

DC supply

A

Supplies electrical energy to a circuit in the form of a direct current

32
Q

Ohmmeter

A

Measures resistance - must be placed in parallel with the components which are to be measured

33
Q

Voltmeter

A

Must be placed in parallel to measure the difference in electrical potential between two points

33
Q

AC supply

A

Supplies electrical energy to a circuit in the form of an alternating current

34
Q

Fuse

A

A fuse is a safety device - the metal core will melt when too much current is flowing in the circuit

35
Q

Diode

A

Only allows current to flow in one direction

36
Q

Capacitor

A

Used to store electrical charge, can be used to create a simple timing circuit, or in the flash of a camera

37
Q

Photovoltaic cell

A

Converts light energy into electrical energy, can be used as the power source in a circuit. More light will mean a greater P.D around the circuit

38
Q

Loudspeaker

A

Converts electrical energy into sound energy

39
Q

Microphone

A

Converts sound energy into electrical energy

40
Q

Motor

A

Converts electrical into kinetic energy by turning

41
Q

Variable resistor

A

A resistor, the resistance of which can be varied in the circuit, could be used for a dimmer switch

42
Q

Resistor

A

A resistor restricts the flow of current, this may be to protect other compounds

Physics N5 (7 decks)

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