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iGCSE Physics > Electricity (2.7 to 2.21) > Flashcards

Electricity (2.7 to 2.21) Flashcards

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1
Q

Advantages of parallel circuits

A
  • Components (e.g. bulbs) may be switched on/off independently.
  • If one component breaks, current can still flow through the other parts of the circuit.
  • Bulbs maintain a similar brightness.
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2
Q

Advantages of series circuits

A
  • Fewer wires, cheaper and easier to assemble.
  • Uses less power
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3
Q

Notes on current (series circuit)

A

As voltage increases the current also increases.
In general, the more components in a circuit, the lower the current

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4
Q

2.9

A

graphs

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5
Q

effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit

A

Since V = IR, as you increase the resistance in a circuit, the current will decrease.

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6
Q

variation of resistance of LDRs with illumination and of thermistors with temperature

A

LDR:
As illumination increases, resistance decreases

Thermistor:
As temperature increases, resistance decreases.

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7
Q

How to check presence of current in a circuit

A

A lamp can be added to a circuit to check for a current. If current is flowing, the lamp will light up

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8
Q

Voltage equation

A

Voltage = CURRENT X RESISTANCE

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9
Q

current is…

A

the rate of flow of charge

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10
Q

Charge equation

A

Charge (C) = Current (A) x Time (s)

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11
Q

electric current in solid metallic conductors…

A
  • is a flow of negatively charged electrons.
  • Electrons are negatively charged and free to flow in a metal so carry charge
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12
Q

why current is conserved at a junction in a circuit

A
  • At a junction current ‘splits’ to take both paths.
  • It comes back together when the paths meet again
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13
Q

voltage across two components connected in parallel…

A

is the same

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14
Q

2.19

A
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15
Q

Voltage equation (energy transfered and charge)

A

Voltage = energy transfered / charge

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16
Q

Energy transfered equation

A

charge x voltage

17
Q

Conducting Materials

A

Will conduct electricity

Copper
Aluminium
Gold
Silver

18
Q

Insulating Materials

A

Will not conduct electricity

Glass
Air
Plastic
Rubber
Wood

19
Q

power equation

A

current x voltage

20
Q

Unit for current

A

Ampere (A)

21
Q

unit for charge

A

coulumb (C)

22
Q

unit for resistance

A

ohm (Ω)

23
Q

unit for potential difference

A

volt (V)

24
Q

unit for power

A

watt (W)

25
Q

How do fuses protect?

A

Fuses Stop the flow of current by melting if the current is too high. So protecting sensitive components and people because if the components function at too higher temperature it can cause a fire.

26
Q

How do circuit breakers protect?

A

Circuit breakers again break the circuit if current is too high

27
Q

How does insulation protect?

A

Insulation and double insulation prevent people from touching exposed wires and getting shocks

28
Q

How does earthing protect?

A

Earthing provides a low resistance path to the earth so if some one does come into contact with a current instead of flowing through them to the earth giving them a shock it flows through the earthing wire.

29
Q

How does earthing protect?

A

Earthing provides a low resistance path to the earth so if some one does come into contact with a current instead of flowing through them to the earth giving them a shock it flows through the earthing wire.

30
Q

Why current in a resistor causes an increase in temp and electrical transfer of energy?

A

Resistance causes transfer of electrical energy to heat energy. Some components are designed to have a high resistance to make sure this happens, for example electrical heaters that have lots of resistors to ensure a high resistance so a lot of heat is produced

31
Q

power in fuses

A

when looking at a circuit a component will be given a power and a voltage appropriate to run at then the current can be calculated so the rating of the fuse can be selected for slightly higher than that.

32
Q

Energy transfere equation

A

potential difference x Current x Time

33
Q

AC

A

AC is constantly changing magnitude and direction. AC is how mains electricity is produced from turbines

34
Q

DC

A

DC is constant. And is produced from a battery and used in some sensitive components like in computing.

iGCSE Physics (10 decks)

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