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Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when two insulating materials are rubbed together

A

A charge is induced

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2
Q

What does a flow of electrons cause

A

A current

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3
Q

What happens if electrons ‘jump’ between an object and a metal

A

Sparks are created

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4
Q

How does an aircraft get a charge

A

Either from air molecules rubbing during flight or through the fuel flowing through the fuel pipe

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5
Q

How does charge help to evenly distribute things like paint, ink in printers, pesticides etc

A
  1. The like charges repel so the droplets push away from each other, ensuring there are no clumps of the substances
  2. The droplets are electrostatically attracted to the surface they are being dispensed on, so the adhesion and coverage is better, especially on uneven surfaces
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6
Q

What is the equation linking power, current and voltage

A

Power (W) = current (A) x voltage (V)

P=IV

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7
Q

What is the equation linking current, charge and time

A

Current (amperes(A))= charge(coulombs(C)) x time (seconds)

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8
Q

What is the definition of current

A

The rate of flow of charge

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9
Q

What is the definition of voltage

A

The energy produced per unit time

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10
Q

What is a fuse

A

A small thin piece of wire that will melt if too much current passes through e.g. if more than 3 amps is passed through a 3 amp fuse, it will melt, so the circuit is broken. It is a safety measure

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11
Q

What is the live wire

A

The brown one - carries the electricity. You will shit yourself if you touch it

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12
Q

What is the neutral wire

A

It is the blue one, which completes the circuit

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13
Q

What is the earth wire

A

It is green and yellow - it provides the path of least resistance to the ground

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14
Q

How does the temperature of water affect the resistance of a thermistor

A

As the temperature goes down, the resistance increases

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15
Q

What is a thermistor used for in real life and why

A

Fire alarms - high temperature = low resistance, which allows the current to flow through the circuit, so the alarm rings

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16
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a thermistor

A

A rectangle with a diagonal L shape (see google for better representation)

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17
Q

What are the I-V characteristics of a wire

A

Directly proportional = straight line

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18
Q

What are the I-V characteristics of a wire

A

Directly proportional = straight line y=x

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19
Q

What is the I-V graph of a diode

A

Stays on the x axis until the origin, then goes exponential (see Series and Parallel Circuits note for better representation)

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20
Q

What is the I-V graph of a light bulb

A

(see Series and Parallel Circuits note for better representation)

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21
Q

What is the I-V graph for a fixed resistor

A

(see Series and Parallel Circuits note for better representation)

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22
Q

What is the I-V graph for a fixed resistor

A

(see Series and Parallel Circuits note for better representation)

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23
Q

What is the I-V graph for a fixed resistor

A

(see Series and Parallel Circuits note for better representation)

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24
Q

What are ohmic conductors

A

Components that have an I-V graph that follow Ohm’s Law (V is proportionate to V) (wires and fixed resistors)

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25
Q

Describe an experiment to investigate the I-V characteristics of a fixed resistor/wire/light bulb/diode. Use a diagram to aid explaination.

A
  1. Set up a circuit containing a variable resistor, a battery, an ammeter and the set component (e.g. a light bulb).
  2. Record the current and voltage
  3. Adjust the variable resistor to change the. Ur Trent and voltage through the lamp. Record the new values
  4. Repeat step 3 until you have several pairs of values
  5. Swap the connections on the battery. The current and voltage through the lamp should now be negative
  6. Repeat step 3
  7. Repeat step 6 until you have many pairs of values
  8. Repeat the experiment for reliability
  9. Start again but with another set component (e.g. a wire)
  10. Draw the diagram on note: Series and Parallel Circuits
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26
Q

What is an LDR

A

A light dependent resistor

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27
Q

What is intensity

A

A measure of the power per unit area. It is measured in Watts/square meter

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28
Q

How does an LDR work

A

As light intensity increases, resistance decreases

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29
Q

What is the current in a series circuit when the same component are used

A

The same all over, because the charges per second in every section is the same

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30
Q

What is ohms law

A

V=IR

Voltage = current x resistance

31
Q

What is the unit for current

A

Amps

32
Q

What is the unit for resistance

A

Ohms (Ω)

33
Q

What is the unit for voltage

A

Volts (V)

34
Q

What is the voltage across the junctions in a parallel circuit and why

A

The same - this is due to the conservation of energy.

35
Q

How do you work out total resistance

A

1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 etc etc

36
Q

What equation links power energy and time

A

Power = energy/time

37
Q

What equation links power, current and voltage

A

Power = current x voltage

P = IV

38
Q

What equation links energy transferred, current, voltage and time

A

E = IVt

39
Q

What equation links power, charge, voltage and time

A

P=QVt

40
Q

What is the equation E = QV(t^2)

A

Energy transferred = charge x voltage (per second)

41
Q

What equation links charge current and time

A

Charge = current x time

Q = IT

42
Q

What is EWAUSS

A
  1. Equation
  2. Workings
  3. Answer
  4. Units
  5. Scale
  6. Sense Check
43
Q

Describe current in solid metallic conductors

A

A flow of negatively charged electrons

44
Q

How are positive and negative electrostatic charges produced

A

By loss (positive) or gain (negative) of electrons

45
Q

How are insulating materials charged

A

Friction

46
Q

What are the forces between unlike charges

A

Attraction

47
Q

What are the forces between like charges

A

Repulsion

48
Q

Name some electrical conductors (3)

A
  1. Copper
  2. Iron
  3. Aluminium
49
Q

Name some electrical insulators (2)

A
  1. Plastic
  2. Rubber
  3. Air
50
Q

Which metals do not conduct electricity

A

None

51
Q

Name 1 substance that is an electrical conductor but is not metal

A

Graphite

52
Q

What is electrostatic phenomena

A

Electrostatic phenomena arise from the movement of electrons, which can gain or lose electrons, leading to the creation of electric charges. This interaction of charges causes attraction and repulsion, and various methods exist to charge objects through friction, conduction, and induction.

53
Q

What is induction of a charge

A

The redistribution of charge without contact e.g. bringing a negatively charged rod close to a metal ball will cause the electrons in the sphere to move away, so the side of the sphere closest to the rod will become positively charged.

54
Q

Can protons move between materials

A

No

55
Q

How can electrostatics be dangerous

A

Build up of charge can create sparks, which can cause fire

56
Q

Why is electrostatic charge dangerous when fuelling aircraft and tankers

A

As the fuel moves through the fuel pipe, friction is generated, so a charge is generated, which could result in a spark and the fuel catching on fire.

57
Q

How is the potential for static electricity to build up in the fuel pipe mitigated (6)

A
  1. Grounding the aircraft and fuel truck with bonding cables
  2. Ensuring continuous contact between the aircraft and fuel truck
  3. Grounding the fuel pipe
  4. Using more conductive fuel
  5. Fuelling the aircraft slowly
  6. Preventing turbulence when fuelling
58
Q

What are amperes (A) the units for

A

Current

59
Q

What are coulombs (C) the unit for

A

Charge

60
Q

What is insulation on household wires

A

A protective plastic coating that surrounds electric wires to stop people getting electrocuted and to prevent fires

61
Q

What is double insulation for electricity

A

2 layers of insulation (plastic or rubber) protect users from electric shock. There is no need for grounding if double insulation is used

62
Q

Which insulation requires grounding: insulation or double insulation?

A

Insulation

63
Q

What is earthing

A

A safety system where exposed metal parts are connected to the ground, to prevent electric shock

64
Q

What are fuses

A

A thin piece of wire, a safety device has been melts if too much current is passed through it. E.g. if more than 3A is passed through a 3A fuse, it will melt, breaking the circuit

65
Q

What are circuit breakers

A

An electrical safety device that automatically shuts off the flow of electricity in a circuit when it detects an overload or a short circuit. Unlike fuses, they can be reset, so are not single use

66
Q

Which is single use: fuses or circuit breakers

A

Fuses

67
Q

How is electric heating used in a domestic context

A
  1. Space heaters (portable heaters
  2. Radiators
  3. Underfloor heating
  4. Boilers
68
Q

What does current flowing through a resistor result in

A

The electrical transfer of energy and an increase in temperature (used to heat the home)

69
Q

Is mains electricity DC or AC

A

AC

70
Q

What type of current do cells and batteries provide

A

DC

71
Q

What is AC

A

Alternating current - the direction of the current is reversed multiple times per second

72
Q

What is DC

A

Direct current - the direction of the current is constant

73
Q

What components can be used to show the presence of current in a circuit and why

A

Lamps and LEDs - if they light up there is current present

Physics (12 decks)

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