Electricity Flashcards
Potential Difference
V = W/Q
work done per unit charge to transfer a charge from one point to another
Unit of p.d.
Volt (V)/ JC^-1
Electric current
the flow of electric charge
I=Q/t
potential at a point
p.d. between a point and the earth, where the earth has 0 potential
Capacitance
ratio of the charge on a conductor to its p.d.
C=Q/V
Unit for capacitance
Farad (F)
Capacitor
stores electric charge
Parallel plate capacitor
C=εA/d
A=area of overlap between plates
d=distance between plates
ε=permittivity of dialectic (insulator between plates)
Energy stored in charged capacitor
equal pos. builds up on one plate and neg. charge on the other. remains when disconnected from power supply. can be discharged by connecting to conductor.
W=½CV²
Size of electric current
amount of charge passing any point of a conductor per sec.
Q=It
Conventional Current
flows from + to -
(electrons flow opposite direction)
Direct Current
flows in one direction, caused by power supply
Alternating Current
current constantly reverses direction
Ammeter
used to measure current and always connected in series
*galvanometer=microammeter
Voltmeter
measures voltage and always connected in parallel with component
Ohmmeter
measures resistance (Ω)
Micrometer
vernier scale, measures very small distances e.g. thickness of a wire
Power dissipated/electrical power
P=VI
voltages in series
V=V¹+V²+V³
voltages in parallel
V¹=V²=V³