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electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is current

A

the rate of flow of charge

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2
Q

what is voltage

A

energy transferred per unit charge passed

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3
Q

what is resistance

A

anything in the circuit which slows the flow down

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4
Q

what measure current

A

ammeter

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5
Q

where must an ammeter be placed in a circuit

A

in series

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6
Q

what measures voltage

A

voltmeter

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7
Q

where must a voltmeter be placed in a circuit

A

in parallel

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8
Q

what is ac supply

A

the current constantly changes direction

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9
Q

what type of current is mains electricity

A

alternating current

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10
Q

what type of current do cells and batteries supple

A

direct current

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11
Q

voltage =

A

current x resistance

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12
Q

wire IV graph shape

A

straight line

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13
Q

filament lamp IV graph shape

A

s shape

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14
Q

diode Iv graph shape

A

straight line that curves straight up

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15
Q

what is a light emitting diode

A

emit light when a current flows through them in the forward direction

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16
Q

what is a light dependent resistor

A

bright light - resistance decreases
darkness - resistance increases

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17
Q

what is a thermistor

A

hot - resistance decreases
cold - resistance increases

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18
Q

what happens to the current in a series circuit

A

it is the same everywhere

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19
Q

what is the disadvantage of series circuits

A

if one component is removed or disconnected, the circuit is broken and useless

20
Q

what is the advantage of parallel circuits

A

if one component is removed or disconnected, the others will hardly be affected

21
Q

what is a junction

A

where the current either splits or rejoins

22
Q

what happens to the current in parallel circuits

A

shared between branches

23
Q

what happens to voltage in parallel circuits

A

same across all branches

24
Q

what is charge carried by

A

negatively charged electrons

25
Q

charge=

A

current x time

26
Q

energy transferred =

A

charge x voltage

27
Q

energy transferred = charge x

A

current x resistance

28
Q

blue wire

A

neutral

29
Q

green/yellow wire

A

earth

30
Q

brown wire

A

fuse

31
Q

what does the earth wire do

A

reduces the danger of electric shock as it can never become live

32
Q

what is double insulating

A

plastic casing, insulator stops current flowing

33
Q

how does a fuse work

A

surge in current ‘blows’ the fuse by melting the wire cutting off the live supply, preventing electric shock and fire

34
Q

how does a circuit breaker work

A

when they detect a surge in current, they break by opening a switch

35
Q

advantage of circuit breakers

A

can be reset by flicking a switch on the device, don’t have to be replaced

36
Q

where is static charge most common

A

insulators where current can’t flow

37
Q

common cause of static electricity

A

friction, electrons are scraped off of one material and move onto the other

38
Q

why do cars gain a static charge

A

they gain or Leo electrons from the air rushing past them as they travel at high speeds

39
Q

how do cards discharge safely

A

connecting it to the earth with a metal strap, the electrons flow down the strap or flow up it into the car

40
Q

what happens when a polythene rod is rubbed with a duster

A

electrons move from duster to rod, giving it a negative charge

41
Q

what happens when an acetate rod is rubbed with a duster

A

electrons move from the rod to the duster, giving the rod a positive charge

42
Q

uses of static electricity

A

inkjet printer
photocopier

43
Q

how does an inkjet printer work (4)

A
  • droplets of ink are forced out a fine nozzle, making them electrically charged
  • the droplets are deflected as they pass between 2 metal plates as a voltage is applied to the plates
  • the droplets are attracted to the plate of the opposite charge and repelled from the plate with the same charge
  • the size and direction of the voltage across each plate changes so each droplet is deflected to hit a different place on the paper
44
Q

how does a photocopier work (4)

A
  • the image plate is positively charge, an image of what you’re copying is projected onto it
  • whiter bits of what you’re copying make light fall on the plate and the charge leaks away in those places
  • the charged bits attract negatively charged black powder, which is transferred onto positively charged paper
  • the paper is heated so the powder sticks
45
Q

negatives of static electricity

A

fuel-filling

46
Q

why is fuel-filling dangerous

A

as fuel flows out ion the filler pipe, static can build up, leading to a spark and explosion

47
Q

how can the fuel-filling problem be solved

A

make the nozzle out of metal so that the charge is conducted away, also earth the fuel tank and fuel pipe

physics (6 decks)

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