Electricity Flashcards
Electrical Conductor
a material that allows electrical charge to easily move through it
Electrical Insulator
a material that does not allow electrical charge to easily move through it
How does electron (negative charge) transfer take place
When two objects touch each other and friction occurs
What is an electric field
a region around any electrically charged object where a force acts on a charged particle. The closer a point is to the source of the electric field, the greater the force it experiences.
How does an electric field of a positively charged object differ to a negatively charged object
Positively charged objects have arrows pointing outwards while the opposite is true for negatively charged objects
What is charge measured in
Coulombs (C) (many electrons)
What is Current
the rate of flow of charge
What is current measured in
Amperes/amps (A) (one amp is 1C of charge passing a point each second)
How do you measure current
Using an ammeter which is connected in series
What is Electric Potential
the amount of energy per unit charge (measured in Volts (V)) (1V = 1J/C)
What is Potential Difference
the amount of energy transferred per unit charge. If you have a P.D. of 1 Volt that means 1 Coulomb of charge has gained or lost 1 Joule of energy
How do you measure Potential Difference
With a Voltmeter connected in Parallel across component(s) (It compares Electric Potential of different parts of a circuit)
Which direction does current flow
Negative to Positive (Shorter Line in circuit diagram of cell is Negative and Longer Line is Positive)
What is Resistance
What makes the Current slower
How does Resistance increase
The length of the wire increases
The thickness of the wire decreases
The number of components in the circuit increases
State what an object in the Bakery Model is in real life
Bakery - Battery/Cell(s)
Vans - Charge in the wire
Bread the Vans are carrying - Energy carried by the charge in the wire
Supermarket - Bulb
Supermarket is where bread is passed on to customers - Energy carried by the charge is transferred to the thermal energy in the bulb
Empty Vans return to bakery for more bread - Charge going back to Battery/Cell(s) for more Energy
If another supermarket is added more bread gets to customers in a certain time - More Energy being delivered to Bulb in a certain time making it hotter and brighter
Bakery Manager speeds up vans leaving bakery, bread arrives quicker at supermarket - Current increases meaning energy gets to bulb quicker
Chain of moving vans - flow of charge (electric current)
