Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cata 348 > electrical stimulation currents > Flashcards

electrical stimulation currents Flashcards

1
Q

where the change in physiologic response can occurs

A

cellular, tissus, segmental, systematic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do the electrical field on the skin surface

A

Drives ions beneficial to the healing process into or through the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

effect of physiologic response to electrical current

A

direct: along line of current flow and under electrode
indirect:Remote to area of current flow and are usually the result of stimulating a natural physiologic event to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

excitability of muscle and nerve depend on

A

cell membrane voltage sensitive permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

potential difference is known as and why

A

resting potential because cell tries to maintain electrochemical gradient as its normal homeostatic environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the voltage sensitive permeability

A

Produces unequal distribution of charged ions on each side of the membrane
Creates a potential difference between the charge of the interior of cell and exterior of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the active transport mechanism

A

Cell continually moves Na+ from inside cell to outside and balances this positive charge movement by moving K+ to the inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Na move from to and K move to

A

na: from inside to outside
K move inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

electrical gradation is produce how

A

+ charge outside and - charge inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does transmission of an impulse in nerve is create

A

resting membrane potential must be reduced below thresholds level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happen when the membrane potential fall below threshold

A

creating an action potential that propagates impulse along nerve in both directions causing depolarization of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the stimulus must have to depolarize a nerve

A

intensity and last long enoughStimulus must alter membrane so that a number of ions are pushed across membrane exceeding ability of the active transport pumps to maintain the resting potentials thus forcing membrane to depolarize resulting in an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what cause the current to flow to the inactive membrane

A

Difference in electrical potential between depolarized region and neighboring inactive regions causes the current to flow from depolarized region intercellular material to the inactive membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does the depolarization propagate through nerve fibre

A

flows through extracellular materials, back to the depolarized area, and finally into cell again
* Makes depolarization self propagating as process is repeated all along fiber in each direction from depolarization site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happen when a nerve impulse reach effector organ or another nerve cell

A

impulse is transferred btw 2 at a motor end plate or a synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is release from the nerve when the impulse is transfer to motor end plate

A

transmitter substance is released from nerve and causes the other excitable tissue to disarcher = twitch muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F there is a gradation of response

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the chemical effect

A

stimulus is continuous and applied over a period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is tissue impedance

A

resistance to the passage of electrical current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which tissus have high impedance

A

bone and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which tissue have low impedance

A

nerve and muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what happen if a low-impedance tissue is located under a large amount of high-impedance tissue

A

current will never become enough to cause depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is current density

A

refer to the volume of current in the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

curent density is highest where and diminish where

A

high at surface and diminish in deeper tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how can we increase density in deeper tissue

A

move electrode further appart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which type of electrode between active or dispersive create a greater current density

A

active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which type of electrode between active or dispersive create a lesser current density

A

dispersive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which type of electrode btw active or dispersive are larger

A

dispersive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how can we change current density

A

change size of electrode
change spacing of electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

effect of frequency

A

effect type of muscle contraction and effect mechanism of pain modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what happen when we increase the intensity

A

cause the current to reach deeper tissue
excite smaller fibers and finer farther away

32
Q

how can we reach deeper tissue

A

increase intensity

33
Q

how can we excite the closest and largest fibers

A

stimulus pulse at a duration-intensity above threshold

34
Q

how can we excite smaller and farther aways fibers

A

increase intensity and increase duration

35
Q

what happen if we keep the same intensity but increase the length of time

A

can stimulate more nerve fibers

36
Q

which type of nerve (large or smaller) are the easier to be stimulated

A

large

37
Q

which type of nerve (deep or superficial) are the easiest to be stimulated

A

superficial

38
Q

T/F small sensory nerve are more excitable than motor nerve

A

F

39
Q

which one btw motor nerve and pain fibre are more excitable

A

motor nerve

40
Q

what is a anode

A

Positive Electrode With Lowest Concentration of Electrons

41
Q

what is a cathode

A

Negative Electrode With Greatest Concentration of Electrons

42
Q

what is polarity switch

A

Designates One Electrode As Positive and One As Negative

43
Q

where are negative electrode positioned

A

distally

44
Q

which type of reaction for positive pole

A

acidic

45
Q

which pole decreased nerve irritability

A

positive

46
Q

which pole attracted negative ion

A

positive

47
Q

which pole softened tissue

A

negative

48
Q

what is the reaction of negative pole

A

alkaline

49
Q

characteritic of negastive pole

A

Attracts + Ions
Alkaline Reaction
Softening of Tissues Increased
Nerve Irritability

50
Q

charactistic of positive pole

A

attract - ions
acidic rx
hardening of tissue
decreased nerve irratibility

51
Q

where can electrode can be place

A

on or around painful area
Over specific dermatomes, myotomes, or sclerotomes that correspond to the painful area
– Close to spinal cord segment that innervates an area that is painful
– Over sites where peripheral nerves that innervate the painful area becomes superficial and can be easily stimulatedOver superficial vascular structures
– Over trigger point locations
– Over acupuncture points
– In a criss-cross pattern around the point to be stimulated so the area to be treated is central to the location of the electrodes

52
Q

what is russian current

A

deliver medium frequency 2000-10000 hz, polyphasic AC wave

53
Q

pulse of russian current

A

50-250 usec and the phase duration is half of the puls duration of 25-125 usec

54
Q

sine wave produced in which mode and how many % duty cycle

A

burst and 50%

55
Q

dark shade area in russian current represent

A

total current

56
Q

light shade reprensent what in russian current

A

total current without interbust interval

57
Q

what happen when current is generate with burst effect

A

total current is decreased allowing tolerance of greater current intensity

58
Q

what happen with higher frequency with russian current

A

reduce resistance to current flow making wave form comfortable enough to tolerate higher intensities -> help recruite deeper nerve

59
Q

russiant current is what and what does it does

A

fast oscillating AC current, as soon as nerve repolarizes it is stimulated again, producing a current that will maximally summate muscle contraction

60
Q

what is interferential. current

A

make use of 2 separates generators and produce sine wavec at different frequencies

61
Q

what happen when a second generator is added

A

it can be summative-amplitude which means the electric waves are combined and increase, they originate at the same time

it can be generated out of sync and cancel each other

62
Q

what is a destructive interference

A

when 2 wave are generated out of sync and cancel each other

63
Q

what is a constructive interference

A

when 2 wave are general at the same time and add up to each other

64
Q

how a beat pattern can be create

A

when 2 generator have slighty difference frequencies and are out of phase

65
Q

what heterodyne effect

A

blending of wave caused by constructive and destructive interference pattern

66
Q

what frequencies to use if we want muscle contraction

A

20-50 pps

67
Q

what frequencies to uses if we want pain management

A

50-120 pps

68
Q

what frequencies to use for acustim pain relief

A

1 pps

69
Q

when using 50 -120 pps for pain management we are using gate control or opiode response

A

gate control

70
Q

when using 1 pps for acustim pain relief we are using opiode response or gate control

A

opiode response

71
Q

how can we reach max pain relief

A

center the painful area with the electrode (place them in square) which allow interferential current to passed through a homogenous medium a predictable pattern

72
Q

why do we use opiode response to have max effect of pain relief

A

because of its longer effect

73
Q

how does an electrical fiel is created

A

when 2 current cross between line of electtric current flow

74
Q

where does maximum interference effect take place

A

near center, with field gradually decrease in strength as it move awayer from center

75
Q

what is stereodynamic effect

A

when another set of electrode create a 3D flower effect

76
Q

what do the scanning interferential current

A

move force around

cata 348 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions