Electrical stimulation Flashcards
What does biological tissue response depend on?
the length of the pulse the rate of rise and decay the length of time between the pulses modulation of pulses the amplitude of the pulse
Name three Cellular level of changes?
Excitation of nerves, changes in cell membrane permeability, protein synthesis, stimulation of fibroblast, osteoblast and modification of microcirculation
Name three tissue level changes?
Skeletal muscle contraction,smooth muscle contraction and tissue regeneration
Name three segmental level changes?
Modification of joint mobility,pumping to alter circulation and lymph flow,alteration of the microvascular system,increased movement of charged proteins in lymph systems
Name 2 changes in systematic level changes?
Analgesic effect as endogenous pain suppressors are released and analgesic effect from the stimulation of neurotransmitters to control pain
T or F: muscle and nerves are both excitable tissues?
True
What is excitability dependent on?
cell membranes voltage sensitive permeability
What is the name of the pump that allows negative ions in and positive ions out?
Sodium potassium pump
What is resting potential?
charge difference between inside and outside which the cells maintains as its homeostatic environment
What is the range for resting potential of a cell?
-70 to -90 mV
What happens with depolarization?
resting potential is neutralized
What is acting potential?
A recorded change in electrical potential between the inside and outside of a nerve cell resulting in muscular contraction
What is another term for the anode electrode?
dispersive(indifferent)
What is an absolute refractory period?
time after cell excitation and depolarization which a nerve is unable to transmit a second impulse
T or F: Muscle and nerves have the SAME refractory period?
False
What is the main difference between ecitable and non-excitable cells?
voltage gated sodium ion channels
What type of potential does compression cause?
negative
What type of potential does distraction cause?
Positive
What is wolff’s law?
Body adapts to stress placed on it
Brain, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and spinal cord tend to have what charge?
positive
Arm’s and legs have what charge?
negative
Is the epidermis positive or negative?
negative
Name two DC currents?
Micro, galvanic, Hi-Volt
Is current density smaller or larger in small pads?
Larger
If electrodes are placed close together, is the density superficial or deep
superficial
If electrodes are farther away, is the density superficial or deep?
deep
Is the negative electrode placed distally or proximally?
distally
Amount of shortening of a muscle and recovery time are determined by what?
Frequency
What is monophasic current?
only stimulate depolarization one time, cause chemical changes, may enhance movement of charged proteins into the lymph channels
How do we control Edema with e-stim?
Low Voltage monophasic current, high intensity(w/out muscle contractiong)
What three methods does a TENS control pain?
sensory,motor and breid intense
What type of pain is a sensory TENS for?
Acute
What type of pain is motor TENS for?
Chronic
What would you use brief intense TENS for?
pain prior to exercise
Name some contraindications for TENS?
over lower abdominal and pelvic area dring pregnany,anterior transcerivcal area, over transthoraic area,loss of sensation, unstable joints,stress fracture, blood clots
What is contructive interference?
two currents interferring with each other but in phase
WHat is destructive interference?
two currents have phases opposing each other
What system are we trying to stimulate with IFC?
Gate system
What type of pain do we use IFC for?
Acute pain, chronic pain control, muscle spasm, bone healing, edema control
Name 3 contraindications for IFC?
lower abs, lumbo sacral and pelvic area during pregnancy, transthoracic area, transcranial area, eletronic implants, Thrombus, maignancy and hemorrhagic area
LIS help with what?
non-union and delayed unions
Contraindications for LIS?
neoplasic union,osteomyelitis and electronic implants
