Electrical Signals

Question 1

Sodium-Potassium pump

Answer 1

• uses ATP
• pumps high concentration of potassium inside cell (2 in)
• pumps sodium outside cell (3 out)
• Chloride diffuses outside

Question 2

leak ion channels

Answer 2

(nongated) responsible for permeability of plasma membrane when at rest

Question 3

gated ion channels

Answer 3

closed until opened by specific signal

• ligand gated
• voltage gated
• other gated

Question 4

ligand gated

Answer 4

stimulated by chemical–> neurotransmitter or hormone

Question 5

voltage gated

Answer 5

open due to movement of ions in or out of cell changing the charge difference of plasma membrane

Question 6

other gated

Answer 6

touch and temperature open these gates

Question 7

polarized

Answer 7

opposite charges across the membrane

Question 8

potential difference

Answer 8

electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane

Question 9

resting membrane potential

Answer 9

the potential difference in a resting cell

Question 10

depolarization

Answer 10

membrane potential becomes more positive (closer to zero)

Question 11

hyperpolarization

Answer 11

membrane potential becomes more negative (farther from zero)

Question 12

graded potential

Answer 12

change in membrane potential localized to one area

Question 13

summation

Answer 13

the effects produced by one graded potential are added onto the effects produced by another graded potential

Question 14

refractory period

Answer 14

action potential produced on plasma membrane-sensitivity of that area decreases

Question 15

submaximal stimulus

Answer 15

all stimuli between threshold and maximal stimulus strength

Question 16

threshold

Answer 16

membrane potential at which voltage gated Na channels open

Question 17

supramaximal stimulus

Answer 17

any stimulus stronger than maximal stimulus

Question 18

propagate

Answer 18

spread across plasma membrane

Question 19

continuous conduction

Answer 19

(unmyelinated axon) the action potential in propagated in one direction down the axon

Question 20

salutatory conduction

Answer 20

(myelinated axon) action potential is conducted from one Node of Ranvier to another