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Politics- Paper 1 > Electoral systems and referendums > Flashcards

Electoral systems and referendums Flashcards

1
Q

What is FPTP?

A

first past the post is where the most popular candidate wins. (plurality system)

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2
Q

What is SV?

A

Supplementary vote is where a voter gets two choices and if one candidate gets over 50% they win, if not the two highest candidates remain and the second choices are redistributed. (majoritarian system)

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3
Q

What is AMS?

A

Additional Member System is where voters vote for a candidate and a party. The candidate vote uses FPTP then the party vote is proportionally split and candidates are chose off a list. (proportional system)

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4
Q

What method does the AMS system use to determine the party list element?

A

D’hont system

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5
Q

What is STV?

A

Single transferable vote is where voters rank candidates in order of favourability, there are multiple seats in a constituency. (proportional system)

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6
Q

What is the most proportionate voting system?

A

STV

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7
Q

Where is AMS used?

A

Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly, Greater London Assembly

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8
Q

Where is SV used?

A

Used to be used in Mayoral elections and PCC elections however it has now changed to FPTP.

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9
Q

Where is STV used?

A

Northern Ireland Assembly and Scottish local governments

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10
Q

What is a plurality system? What types of government do they create?

A

Whoever gets the most votes wins. Two-party system

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11
Q

What is a proportional system?

A

A system in which seats are allocated based on the number of votes recieved by each party. Multi-party system

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12
Q

What are the advantages of FPTP?

A

Creates a strong and stable govt. Creates a good MP-Constituent link. It’s a simple system. Keeps out extremist parties. Provides clear choice.

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of FPTP?

A

Wastes votes as only a small number count towards a candidate winning, people have to vote tactically, creates a two party system, unrepresentative, harder for small parties, limited voter choice.

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14
Q

What is a ‘winners bonus’?

A

A small shift in votes between the two main parties leads to a dramatic change in their seats

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15
Q

What do you need to win an election?

A

50% +1 (326 seats)

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16
Q

What parties went to the second round of voting in the 2021 mayoral elections?

A

Labour and Conservative for every area. Shows how it still favours two main parties

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17
Q

How many seats did UKIP come second in, in 2015? How many did they win?

A

second in 190 seats, won 1

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18
Q

How many MPs won on less than 50% in 2019?

A

229

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19
Q

What are the advantages of AMS?

A

balances MP link and fairness of outcome, strong govt, wider voter choice, proportional, every voter has atleast one effective vote, gives smaller parties more opps, improves descriptive representation

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20
Q

What are the disadvantages of AMS?

A

Some MPs have no constituency to hold them accountable, still uses FPTP, slightly more complicated, larger chance for extremist parties.

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21
Q

What are the advantages of STV?

A

Highly proportional, choice of representatives to speak to, fewer votes wasted, no safe seats, no need for tactical voting, has increased voter turnout.

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of STV?

A

Creates unstable multi-party govt, multi-member constituencies encourage competition within parties and different parties have to work together, large constituencies,

23
Q

risk of donkey voting, results take longer.

A
24
Q

How many STV ballots were spoilt in 2011?

A

12000

25
Q

What is donkey voting?

A

voters rank candidates based on the order there on the ballot

26
Q

What percentage of seats and vote did labour win in the 2016 Welsh Assembly election in the FPTP section and then after the closed list section?

A

70% of FPTP seats with 35% of votes. After list seats they won 48% of seats and 34% votes

27
Q

How much of the vote the Green party win in the 2016 Scottish parliament election?

A

0.6% of constituency vote, 6.6% of regional vote winning them 6 seats

28
Q

What is a referendum?

A

A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

29
Q

What does parliament have to do after a referendum?

A

Nothing- they can ignore the result

30
Q

Why are referendums held?

A

To provide legitimacy to big decisions, we need right questions or major constitutional importance, settle disputes, fulfil pledges in manifestos.

31
Q

What are some arguments for the use of referendums?

A

constitutional changes should be endorsed by the public, people can focus on specific issues away from party politics, they educate the public and make them more politically active, stimulate participation, give people a direct voice, settle longstanding disputes.

32
Q

What are some arguments against the use of referendums?

A

They undermine parliament and put MPs at odds with their constituents, campaigns can be accused of being misleading, issues can be oversimplified, contributes to voter fatigue, can be manipulated by govts bc they choose when they’re held and what the question will be.

33
Q

Why is the wording of referendum questions important?

A

It can create an unconscious bias or cause confusion.

34
Q

What was the result of the Scottish referendum?

A

Yes-44,7% No-55.3%

35
Q

Why was the Scottish referendum called?

A

The SNP were the leading Scottish party and there was only one Con seat in Scotland but Con govt

36
Q

What were the campaigns in the Scottish referendum?

A

Yes Scotland (Alex Salmond FM)

37
Q

No thanks vote (Lab MP Alistair Darling)

A
38
Q

What issues were debated in the Scottish referendum?

A

Currency, NHS, North sea oil and Trident

39
Q

What was the impact of the Scottish referendum?

A

surge of SNP votes, Labour lost 40 Scottish seats, voting age lowered to 16 in Scotland.

40
Q

What were the original options for the Scottish referendum?

A

Yes/No/Maximum devolution

41
Q

What percentage of people voted to leave the EU?

A

0.52

42
Q

What was the turnout of the EU referendum?

A

0.72

43
Q

Why was the EU referendum held?

A

A growing number of euro sceptics and UKIP winning the majority of EU Parliament seats. Cameron promised a referendum if they won the 2015 GE.

44
Q

What were the campaigns and slogans during the EU referendum?

A

Vote leave ‘vote leave,take back control’, Remain ‘Britain stronger in Europe’.

45
Q

What issues were debated in the EU referendum?

A

Immigration, Britain being the second highest net contributor in 2015, EU law, worries over expansion.

46
Q

What impact did Brexit have?

A

All parties had to develop a plan, MPs had to go against themselves or their constituents if they voted remain.

47
Q

How many MPs had declared their intention to vote remain?

A

479

48
Q

What were some controversies surrounding the EU referendum?

A

Vote Leave had a plan with BeLeave and Aggregate IQ in which they spent £675,000. Vote Leave didn’t declare this so we’re over their £7mil budget by almost £500,000

49
Q

What percentage of people voted for the Good Friday Agreement? What was the turnout?

A

71% Turnout- 81%

50
Q

What percentage of people voted against AV? What was the turnout?

A

69% Turnout- 42%

Politics- Paper 1 (7 decks)

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