electophysical Flashcards
forms of energy
M.E.L.T.S
types of energy
potential and kinetics
calories
heat energy needed to increase the temperature of a single gram of water by one degree Celsius
radiation
no contact is made
eg laser
infrared
diathermy
convection
transfer heat between circulating medium
eg fluidotherapy
conversion
of non-thermal energy
eg ultrasound and diathermy
superficial heaters
ultrasound
infrared
fluidotherapy
hot packs
noradrenergic
vasoconstrictor system
cholinergic
vasodilator system
sensory receptors in sub epithelial tissue
cold
warm
pain
thermal signals trigger vasomotor centers in
hypothalamus
muscle strength and endurance decrease and recovery time
decrease for initial 30 min
increases for next 2hrs
latent heat of fusion
specific amount of energy required to change a solid form of particular substance into liquid, or liquid into gas
5 stages of cold
cold
pain
warming/burning
aching
numb
visible light colours
7
visible light colours
7
arrangement of colors according to short to long wavelength
purple/violet
indigo
blue
green
yellow
orange
red
physical characteristics of electromagnetic radiation when contacting a biological tissue
reflected
transmitted
refracted
absorbed
if energy not absorbed must be transmitted to deeper tissues
law of Grotthus draper
laser
light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation
properties of laser
monochromatic
coherent
polarized
physiological effects of laser
wound healing
collagen production
nerve conduction velocity
laser treatment technique
gridding
scanning
wanding
point/acupuncture
coupling medium
eg gel water creams and oils
used to minimize the difference
best to least absorbing tissues
ligaments
tendon
fascia
joint
scar
Non thermal effect of ultrasound
cavitation
acoustic streaming
micro massage
ultrasound application time
5 to 10 min
stages of wound healing
hemostasis
inflammatory
proliferative
remodeling
extravasation
movement of fluid from the blood vessels into extracascular space
inflammatory cells
neutrophils
macrophages
lymphocytes
macrophages stimulate
fibroblast
angiogenesis
cells responsible for cleaning the wound
neutrophils
macrophages
local factors affecting wound healing
oxygen
infection
foreign bodies
venous sufficiency
infection status
contamination
colonization
critical colonization
spreading
systemic infection
types of SWD
capacitive [electric field]
inductive [magnetic field]
devices that deliver radio frequency waves to the patient at very low intensity are known as
pulsed electromagnetic energy
PEfield
PEMEtreatment
types of electrodes in SWD
capacitor
inductor
capacitor electrodes arrangements
contraplanar
coplanar
