Electolytes Flashcards
1
Q
Hypokalemia
A
potassium deficit <3.5 -Alkalosis -shallow respirations -irritability -confusion, drowsiness -weakness, fatigue -Flat T wave and presence of U wave can eat avocado, cantaloupe, potatoes
2
Q
Hyperkalemia
A
to much potassium >5 -muscle twitching -irritable and anxiety -low BP -Tall peaked T waves -abdominal cramping
3
Q
Hyponatremia
A
<135 inadequate sodium intake -can have processed food Stupor/coma Anorexia Lethargy Tendon reflexes Limp muscles Orthostatic hypotension Seizures/headache Stomach cramping
4
Q
Hypernatremia
A
>145 Flushed skin and fever Restless, irritable, anxious, confused Increased blood pressure and fluid retention Edema Decreased urine output and dry mouth Skin flushed Agitation Low grade fever Thirst
5
Q
Hypocalcemia
A
<9.0 inhibition of calcium absorption -collard greens, kale, rhubarb, sardines, tofu -positive chvosteks and Trousseaus sign -prolonged ST segment & QT interval Convulsions Arrhythmias Tetany/seizures Stridor or spasms
6
Q
Hypercalcemia
A
>10.5 Bone pain Arrhythmias Cardiac arrest Kidney stones Muscle weakness Excessive urination
7
Q
Hypomagnesemia
A
<1.3
-canned white tuna
related to chronic alcoholism and diuretics
- tall t waves & depressed ST segments
8
Q
Hypermagnesia
A
> 2.1
related to impaired kidney function
-widened QRS complexes and prolonged PR interval
9
Q
Hypophosphatemia
A
<3.0 insufficient phosphorus intake
-dairy, fish, pork/beef/chicken, pumpkin, squash &whole grain breads and cereals
10
Q
Hyperphosphatemia
A
> 4.5 causes hypoparathyroidism
