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elections Flashcards

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1
Q

Constitution and political parties

A

constitution makes no provisions for political parties

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2
Q

political party

A

political organization to attain and maintain political power

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3
Q

founding fathers

A

Our founding fathers opposed political parties with the English monarchial system

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4
Q

Partisan style

A

determined by number of political parties

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5
Q

Types of Party Systems

A

Nonpartisan, Single-Party, Two political parties, Multiple Parties

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6
Q

Nonpartisan Party

A

where no offical party exists, candidates run on their own merits(washington administration and some local governments)

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7
Q

Single Party

A

only one official party is allowed to hold effective power(PRC, Nazi Germany, North Korea, Vietnam)

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8
Q

Two political parties

A

politics dominated by two major parties identified by ideology (US, Jamaica, Ghana)

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9
Q

Multiple Parties

A

found in parliamentary governments where numerous parties are represented in government(EU countries, Canada, Pakistan)

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10
Q

Original vote

A

each elector was free to vote as they wish

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11
Q

Unit rule

A

a rule of procedure at a national political convention under which a state’s entire vote must be cast for the candidate preferred by majority of the state’s delegates

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12
Q

how many states use the unit rule

A

48 states

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13
Q

Electoral college

A

made up of popularly elected representatives (electors)

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14
Q

how many electors

A

since 1964, there are 538 electors (as defined in Article II, Sec. 1, Clause 2 of the constitution
Us Territories are not represented
Example of indirect election or democracy

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15
Q

How nominates candidates

A

nominated by their state political party
Constitutiion gives each state the authority to choose their electors
Some states make use of primaries in elector selection

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16
Q

Who are exceptions to the rule of nominating candidates

A

Maine and Nebraska
Pres candidate receive the elector vote in Congressional Districts that they win
The two Senatorial electors go to the candidate who wins the state

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17
Q

Phase I

A

Emergence of Parties(1790-1828)

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18
Q

James Madison warned

A

Political fractions Hamilton’s vs jeffersonians

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19
Q

Jefferson believed

A

Future lied in small agriculture

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20
Q

Hamilton believed

A

Future lied in developing vibrant cities and strong manufacturing sectors

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21
Q

First presidential elections

A

1824

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22
Q

Phase II

A

They heyday of parties (1828-1900)

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23
Q

The second party system

A

National republic party—> Whig party
Andrew Jackson and Martin van burden
1928- Jackson elected president.

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24
Q

Civil war and reconstruction

A 
Free soil party
Collapse of the Whig party
The Republican Party 
Split in the Democratic Party after the civil war
South democratic and north republican
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25
Q

Phase III

A

Party Decline (1900-1970)

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26
Q

Phase III Graft and Bosses

A

Post civil war politics were notoriously corrupt
Patronage jobs–> Civil Service act
The “Australian Ballot”-secret ballot

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27
Q

Phase III Progressives and the “new Deal”

A

Progressive era-implied a new deal or method of problem solving(used new deal to get out of depression)

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28
Q

Phase III Rise of Candidate-Centered politics

A

1960s feeling that parties were the problem
Young had no reverence for traditional politics
Kennedy-Nixon debates
Rise of “independent” voters and candidate-centered era

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29
Q

Phase IV

A

Organizational resurgence (1970-present)

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30
Q

Phase IV Realization of party irrelevance

A

Sophisticated services–>more resources
Moving towards hi-tech methodologies first used by the Democratic Party under the leadership of Howard Dean
By early 2000s there were more independents in the US than party affiliated members

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31
Q

Barriers to Minor Party Success

A

Institutioonal Barriers
Ballot Access
Attitudinal Barriers

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32
Q

Institutional Barriers

A

Legal impediments via state statues

Court decisions and the Constitution

33
Q

Ballot Access

A 
Parties Receiving 25% of vote automatically placed on the ballot for nect election
Required petitioning(SC 2012 state elections)
34
Q

Attitudinal Barriers

A

The “wasted-vote syndrome”-any vote not for the elected candidate or any vote which does not help to elect a candidate

35
Q

Minor Parties in US History

A 
Anti-Masonic PArty (early 1800s)
Know-Nothings (mid 1800s)
Free Soil Party (1840-Civil War)
American Socialist Party (reached political height in elections between 1912 and 1920)
Communist Party USA
Socialist Labor Party
States' Rights Democratic Party or Dixicrats (1948)
American Independent Party (1968)
36
Q

Recent Significant Minor Parties

A

Libertarian Party
Green Party
Reform Party

37
Q

Minor Parties in the 21st Century

A

Bring more people into the political process
Americans are ready for more alternatives
At present, the are two members of the House that are not affiliated with any of the two major parties- they are independents

38
Q

Drawing of Legislative districts for partisan advantage

A

Governor Elbridge Gerry of MA (1800s)
Today, to carve up states into oddly shaped districts that maximize election powers. This is a violation of fairness policy.

39
Q

Gerrymandering methods

A

Packing

Cracking

40
Q

Baker v Carr (1961)

A

Court ruled that malapportionment in TN violated the Constitutional concept of “one person one vote”

41
Q

How many states have taken politics out of redistricting

A

6

AZ, CA, HW, ID, NJ, WA

42
Q

Worst cases Gerrymandering

A

NC 12th district, IL 4th district, CA 38th district, Texas 22nd district,

43
Q

Non-Voting PArty

A

African American less likely to vote than whites

  1. 8% white votes
  2. 8% Afrivan American votes
  3. 1% Hispanic votes
44
Q

% of qualified voters are registered

A

78%

45
Q

of the 78% how many participate in mid term and presidental elections

A

48% and 63-68%

46
Q

Countries with the highest voter turnout

A

Australia 95%, Malta 94%, Chile93%, Austria 92%, US 48%

47
Q

3 requirements to vote in the US

A

18 yo, Citizen, Can’t be convicted of a felony

48
Q

Initially who decided who could vote

A

States

49
Q

Article I

A

House to be chosen by the people of the several states

50
Q

1842

A

House members elected by districts-prior no such things as congressional districts

51
Q

15th Amend

A

AF Am males can vote

52
Q

19th Amend

A

Women right to vote (1920)

53
Q

Voting rights act 1970

A

18 yo can vote

54
Q

Selection of Candidates

A

Legislative Caucus
Mixed Caucus
Convention System
Primary System

55
Q

Legislative Caucus

A

Meeting of state

56
Q

Mixed Caucus

A

state legislative and a few other representatives - delegates

57
Q

Convention system

A

1930s replaced caucus-

58
Q

Primary System

A

vote state for each party- winner take all or proportional

59
Q

Sc uses which of primary system

A

proportional

60
Q

National Conventions

A

Primaries, State caucuses, and mixed
Both parties make use of the conventions
Proportional vs winner take all primaries
“Super delegates”-chose by convention because of staus and can take seat immediately without a vote

61
Q

obama elected by

A

not most popular candidate changed to proportional at next election

62
Q

The “party Machine”

A

influence
Recruits members by dispensing patronage
NY Tammany Hall, Gov. Wade Hampton, Gov. Huey Long, Memphis Boss Crump, Chicago Mayor Daly

63
Q

Gov Huey Long

A

Lousianna-late 20s and 30s. Crooked. LSU gave big money. Weakness for a stripper from NY.

64
Q

Boss Crump

A

60s and 70s, no office position, pulled strings

65
Q

Chicago Mayor Daly

A

50s-70s pay homage-

66
Q

Hatch Act (1939)

A

Federal civil servants cannot take active part in political management or campaign funds, run for partisan office, or work for partisan campaigns, endorse partisan candidates or be party delegates, take a civil service test

67
Q

Sc parties

A

both have primaries

68
Q

Types of Primaries and elections in SC

A 
General elections: mid term and presedential
Primary Elections:
Closed primary
Open Primary
Blanket Primary-not in SC
Runoff Primary
69
Q

Closed Primary

A

Registered in party example republican found in New England, Penn, NJ, NY ande MI

70
Q

Open Primary

A

not registered Party- choose one party

71
Q

Blanket Primary

A

tally sheet Dem-Rep crossover

72
Q

Runoff

A

not 50% vote- state level only

73
Q

Vote

A

Tuesday after the first Monday in November

74
Q

Federal office elections

A

even numbered years

75
Q

Presidential Elections

A

every 4years

76
Q

Congress

A

every two years for house (all) 2014

77
Q

Senate

A

1/3rd Lindsey Graham

78
Q

Mid Term

A

no presidential candidates

79
Q

odd years

A

some states have elections in odd years

Government (2 decks)

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