elbs brainscape unit three livestock husbandry part one

Question 1

husbandry

Answer 1

Taking care of animals

Question 2

Antibiotics

Answer 2

will kill bacteria and prevent disease spread.

Question 3

antibiotic problems

Answer 3

routine use of antibiotics will lead to a build-up of resistant bacteria which will eventually make the problems worse. Antibiotics can get into the food chain and resistant bacteria may attack humans.

Question 4

signs of a healthy animal

Answer 4

With the rest Active and alert Normal eating, Normal faeces, Normal behaviour patterns, Good coat condition

Question 5

signs of an unhealthy animal

Answer 5

On its own, Not active or alert, Not eating normally, Abnormal faeces, Odd behaviour patterns,Dull or shabby coat condition, Matter from eyes or

Question 6

loss of condition

Answer 6

looking poorly

Question 7

Bacterial diseases

Answer 7

e.coli, salmonella,TB.

Question 8

Viruses

Answer 8

foot and mouth, Schmallenberg

Question 9

Fungi

Answer 9

ringworm

Question 10

Parasites

Answer 10

blowfly maggots, lice, ticks, fleas

Question 11

risks associated with inadequate housing

Answer 11

Poor ventilation and damp can lead to pneumonia and death

Question 12

advantages of intensive systems

Answer 12

More profit per animal, Less labour , cheaper product

Question 13

disadvantages of intensive systems

Answer 13

Costly to set up, Disease can spread fast, Not good for animal welfare

Question 14

advantages of extensive systems

Answer 14

Cheaper to set up, Disease can’t spread as fast, Better for animal welfare

Question 15

disadvantages of extensive systems

Answer 15

Less profit per animal, More labour, More expensive product

Question 16

inputs

Answer 16

e.g. food and fertiliser prices

Question 17

outputs

Answer 17

e.g. the current market price for wheat, lamb etc.

Question 18

Bulk foods

Answer 18

low energy, takes up space, cheap, eat lots of e.g. grass, hay, silage

Question 19

Concentrates

Answer 19

– high energy, compact, expensive, eat little e.g. pellets, grain

Question 20

Carbohydrates

Answer 20

starch and sugars – for energy

Question 21

Proteins

Answer 21

for growth and repair

Question 22

Fats

Answer 22

long term energy store plus insulation

Question 23

Fibre

Answer 23

keeps bowels clean and working properly. Too little = constipation

Question 24

Water

Answer 24

essential to have ad lib clean water at all times

Question 25

Vitamins (A, C and D)

Answer 25

essential for correct metabolic function. Too little = deficiency diseases

Question 26

Minerals

Answer 26

Minerals (Ca = calcium for bones. Too little = weak growth and weak muscles Fe = iron for blood. Too little = anaemia, lack of energy

Question 27

Excesses of fats and carbohydrates

Answer 27

over fat animal

Question 28

maintenance ration.

Answer 28

food just to keep going

Question 29

production ration

Answer 29

e.g. The more milk a cow givens, the more food she needs

Question 30

Food conversion ratio

Answer 30

how effectively an animal turns its food into its own flesh. e.g. if we feed a pig 3kg food and it puts on 1 kg weight, it has a food conversion ratio of 3:1. The smaller the food conversion ratio the better i.e. 5:1 is worse than 3:1 because you have to feed it more to grow the same amount.

Question 31

Digestion

Answer 31

Big insoluble molecules à small soluble molecules

Question 32

Stomach

Answer 32

contains acid

Question 33

Gall bladder

Answer 33

adds bile

Question 34

Pancreas

Answer 34

adds digestive enzymes

Question 35

Small intestine

Answer 35

absorption of digested food

Question 36

Large intestine

Answer 36

reabsorption of water and salts

Question 37

ruminant

Answer 37

Extra features Rumen – bag full of bacteria and microbes to help break down cellulose, Animal regurgitates and re-chews food (Chewing the cud)

Question 38

ruminant source of protein

Answer 38

They get their protein largely from digesting the bacteria and other unicellular organisms that live in their rumen and break down the cellulose in the grass they eat.

Question 39

ovary

Answer 39

makes eggs

Question 40

oviduct (fallopian tube)

Answer 40

connects ovary to uterus

Question 41

uterus (womb)

Answer 41

offspring develop here. Often split into two horns in animals.

Question 42

vagina

Answer 42

penis goes in here, offspring come out

Question 43

Scrotum

Answer 43

sack containing the testicles

Question 44

testes

Answer 44

sperm are made here

Question 45

sperm ducts

Answer 45

connect testis to penis

Question 46

penis

Answer 46

carries either urine or semen. Goes into the vagina

Question 47

Vulva

Answer 47

outside parts of female sexual system.

Question 48

hormones

Answer 48

control the timing of oestrus and reproduction in mammals and the factors that influence hormone production. The oestrus cycle is controlled by the level of oestrogen, FSH and LH.

Question 49

female hormones

Answer 49

These fluctuate during the year e.g. sheep don’t come onto heat until the days are getting shorted in October/November so that they give birth in the spring. Ovulation can be stimulated by artificially Light levels control this. Age has an effect – females will not start ovulating until they are sexually mature and will eventually stop ovulating when they get old.

Question 50

testosterone

Answer 50

The male sex hormone is testosterone. Again the level of this hormone varies during the year. Presence of females that are on heat will boost testosterone production.