Elbow Special Test

Question 1

How is Cozen’s test performed?

Answer 1

• Patient sitting
• PT stands next to patient, & stabilizes the involved elbow while palpating the lateral epicondyle
• Have the patient close their fist, have them pronate, radially deviates & extends the wrist against PTs resistance
• (+) pain along lateral epicondyle. may exhibit weakness if acute & severe

Question 2

How is Mills Test performed?

Answer 2

-Patient sits with involved elbow in full extension
-PT stands next to patient & stabilizes the involved elbow while palpating the lateral epicondyle
- PT passively pronates forearm, flexes patient wrist & extension elbow
- (+) pain along lateral epicondyle

Question 3

How is Maudsley Test performed? (ED bias)

Answer 3

-patient is sitting
- PT goes next to patient & stabilizes the involved elbow while placing fingers on dorsal aspect of patients 3rd digit just distal to PIP
- Have patient extend the 3rd digit against PT resistance
-(+) pain along lateral epicondyle. may exhibit weakness if acute & severe

Question 4

How is the Golfer’s test performed?

Answer 4

• Patient sits with involved elbow in slight flexion
• Therapist is next to patient, while stabilizing the involved elbow while palpating the medial epicondyle
• PT the passively supinates forearm & extends the patients wrist & elbow
  -(+) pain along medial epicondyle

Question 5

How is the pronator teres test performed?

Answer 5

Patient sits with elbow flexed to 90°
- PT sits next to patient
- PT resists pronation of the forearm & wrist flexion while the patient actively extends the elbow
-(+) numbness & tingling along median nerve distribution compression of the median nerve by the pronator teres muscle

Question 6

How in tinel’s test performed?

Answer 6

tap ulnar nerve just proximal to cubital tunnel

Question 7

How is the elbow flexion test performed?

Answer 7

-ask patient to completely flex elbow & hold it up to 3 minutes (keeping wrist neutral)
-(+) numbness/tingling in ulnar nerve distribution

Question 8

How is the valgus stress test performed?

Answer 8

• Patient is seated or standing with shoulder ER & forearm supinated
• PT places patient arm in 20-30 elbow flexion, apply medial force at distal humerus while stabilizing
  -(+) laxity & pain

Question 9

How is the moving Valgus stress test performed?

Answer 9

• Patient is sitting with arm abducted to 90°, maximally ER & elbow flexion
• PT then stabilize distal humerus, pulls distal forearm into ER to generate valgus at elbow then extend to approximately 30°
  -(+) patient experience their pain during midrange

Question 10

How is the Varus stress test performed?

Answer 10

• Patient is seated, shoulder in neutral rotation, forearm supinated, elbow flexed 20-30°
• PT stabilizes distal humerus medially & generate varus force with forearm
  -(+) laxity & pain

Question 11

How is the lateral pivot shift test performed?

Answer 11

• Patient is supine with arm flexed to 90°
• PT applies a mild supination force to forearm at the wrist, then flex while a valgus force & axial loading is applied at the elbow
• (+) apprehension will occur at 20-30°, reduce clunk at 40-70°